Current trends in management of Zenker diverticulum.

Zenker's diverticulum is a relatively common problem encountered by head and neck surgeons. Careful review of the available literature regarding its pathogenesis indicates that Zenker diverticulum likely occurs as a result of increased intrabolus pressures during swallowing secondary to cricopharyngeal spasm. Rational treatment for Zenker diverticulum therefore addresses cricopharyngeal spasm. The traditional approach to diagnosis and management of Zenker diverticulum has been based on standard techniques and principles. For example, diverticulectomy with concurrent cricopharyngeal myotomy is an acceptable form of treatment with a high success rate. However, recent advances in endoscopic stapling and carbon dioxide laser technologies have added new options to the therapeutic armament of the otolaryngologist. For appropriately selected patients, endoscopic staple-assisted diverticulostomy is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective procedure associated with shorter hospital stays, more rapid postoperative recovery, decreased time to resumption of oral intake, and high levels of patient satisfaction.