Alm V, Fang C, Busso C S, Devos K M, Vollan K, Grieg Z, Rognli O A
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Norway, PO. Box 5040, 1432, As, Norway.
Theor Appl Genet. 2003 Dec;108(1):25-40. doi: 10.1007/s00122-003-1399-5. Epub 2003 Aug 16.
A genetic linkage map has been constructed for meadow fescue ( Festuca pratensis Huds.) (2n=2 x=14) using a full-sib family of a cross between a genotype from a Norwegian population (HF2) and a genotype from a Yugoslavian cultivar (B14). The two-way pseudo-testcross procedure has been used to develop separate maps for each parent, as well as a combined map. A total number of 550 loci have been mapped using homologous and heterologous RFLPs, AFLPs, isozymes and SSRs. The combined map consists of 466 markers, has a total length of 658.8 cM with an average marker density of 1.4 cM/marker. A high degree of orthology and colinearity was observed between meadow fescue and the Triticeae genome(s) for all linkage groups, and the individual linkage groups were designated 1F-7F in accordance with the orthologous Triticeae chromosomes. As expected, the meadow fescue linkage groups were highly orthologous and co-linear with Lolium, and with oat, maize and sorghum, generally in the same manner as the Triticeae chromosomes. It was shown that the evolutionary 4AL/5AL translocation, which characterises some of the Triticeae species, is not present in the meadow fescue genome. A putative insertion of a segment orthologous to Triticeae 2 at the top of 6F, similar to the rearrangement found in the wheat B and the rye R genome, was also observed. In addition, chromosome 4F is completely orthologous to rice chromosome 3 in contrast to the Triticeae where this rice chromosome is distributed over homoeologous group 4 and 5 chromosomes. The meadow fescue genome thus has a more ancestral configuration than any of the Triticeae genomes. The extended meadow fescue map reported here provides the opportunity for beneficial cross-species transfer of genetic knowledge, particularly from the complete genome sequence of rice.
利用挪威种群的一个基因型（HF2）与南斯拉夫一个栽培品种的基因型（B14）杂交产生的全同胞家系，构建了草地羊茅（Festuca pratensis Huds.）（2n = 2x = 14）的遗传连锁图谱。采用双拟测交程序为每个亲本分别构建图谱以及构建一个整合图谱。使用同源和异源RFLP、AFLP、同工酶和SSR共定位了550个位点。整合图谱由466个标记组成，全长658.8 cM，平均标记密度为1.4 cM/标记。在所有连锁群中，草地羊茅与小麦族基因组之间观察到高度的直系同源性和共线性，并且根据直系同源的小麦族染色体将各个连锁群命名为1F - 7F。正如预期的那样，草地羊茅的连锁群与黑麦草、燕麦、玉米和高粱高度直系同源且共线性，通常与小麦族染色体的情况相同。结果表明，一些小麦族物种特有的进化4AL/5AL易位在草地羊茅基因组中不存在。还观察到在6F顶部有一段与小麦族2直系同源的片段插入，类似于在小麦B基因组和黑麦R基因组中发现的重排。此外，与小麦族不同，小麦族中该水稻染色体分布在同源群4和5染色体上，而草地羊茅的4F染色体与水稻染色体3完全直系同源。因此，草地羊茅基因组具有比任何小麦族基因组更原始的结构。本文报道的扩展的草地羊茅图谱为有益的跨物种遗传知识转移提供了机会，特别是从小麦的完整基因组序列中转移知识。
