Gorman D M
Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway 08855.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1992 Nov;27(6):583-94.
This paper is concerned with recent attempts within the field of primary prevention to use theory and basic research to develop intervention programs. It starts by reviewing a number of recent large scale studies based upon the dominant theoretical perspective within this field--the social influences model. It argues that the results of such evaluations suggest that a 'universal' prevention strategy (i.e. one aimed in an undifferentiated manner at all individuals within a given population) is out of touch with our current knowledge concerning the etiological processes underlying substance use and misuse. As an alternative, it is suggested that prevention programs be developed according to a number of 'specific' strategies (i.e. ones targeted at vulnerable subgroups within larger populations). The rationale underlying this approach, as well as a number of theoretical models upon which such interventions might be developed, is then outlined.
本文关注初级预防领域内近期利用理论和基础研究来制定干预项目的尝试。文章开篇回顾了一些近期基于该领域主导理论视角——社会影响模型的大规模研究。文章认为，此类评估结果表明，“普遍”预防策略（即以无差别方式针对特定人群中的所有个体）与我们目前关于物质使用和滥用背后病因学过程的知识脱节。作为替代方案，建议根据一些“特定”策略（即针对更大人群中的脆弱亚群体）来制定预防项目。接着概述了这种方法的基本原理以及可能据此制定此类干预措施的一些理论模型。
