Lienert J, Haller M, Berner A, Stauffacher M, Larsen T A
Swiss Federal Inst. for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), Uberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Water Sci Technol. 2003;48(1):47-56.
We studied acceptance of a urine-based fertilizer product using a mail survey of 467 Swiss farmers. We distinguished among four production types: organic or IP farming, and with or without vegetable production. Considering that the idea of urine-based fertilizers is new, acceptance among the answering farmers was surprisingly high, with 57% explicitly stating that they thought it was a good or very good idea, and 42% willing to purchase such a product. The farmers of different production types did not differ strongly in their attitude towards urine-based fertilizers. Especially IP and vegetable farmers, who purchased additional fertilizers anyway, seem willing to accept urine-based fertilizers, hereby preferring a grainy, odorless ammonium nitrate fertilizer. Absolutely essential is a hazard-free product: 30% of all farmers had concerns regarding micropollutants. Based on fertilizer data, we demonstrate an existing demand for the nutrients N, P, and K in Switzerland, which could be partially substituted by a recycled urine product. Finally, we discuss methodological requirements of social science surveys. To obtain representative data on an entire population in a mail survey, multiple contacts with respondents are necessary. We argue that information and participation of stakeholders at an early stage is essential for successful technology transfer.
我们通过对467名瑞士农民进行邮件调查，研究了一种基于尿液的肥料产品的接受度。我们区分了四种生产类型：有机或综合生产（IP）农业，以及有无蔬菜生产。考虑到基于尿液的肥料这个概念是新的，在回复调查的农民中，接受度出奇地高，57%的人明确表示他们认为这是个好主意或非常好的主意，42%的人愿意购买这样的产品。不同生产类型的农民对基于尿液的肥料的态度差异不大。特别是那些无论如何都会购买额外肥料的综合生产（IP）农民和蔬菜种植农民，似乎愿意接受基于尿液的肥料，他们更喜欢颗粒状、无气味的硝酸铵肥料。绝对必要的是一种无危害的产品：30%的农民对微污染物表示担忧。根据肥料数据，我们证明了瑞士对氮、磷和钾养分存在现有需求，这些养分可以部分被回收尿液产品替代。最后，我们讨论了社会科学调查的方法要求。为了在邮件调查中获得关于整个人口的代表性数据，与受访者进行多次联系是必要的。我们认为，利益相关者在早期阶段的信息获取和参与对于成功的技术转移至关重要。
