Thali M J, Braun M, Markwalder Th H, Brueschweiler W, Zollinger U, Malik Naseem J, Yen K, Dirnhofer R
Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Berne, Buehlstrasse 20, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
Forensic Sci Int. 2003 Aug 12;135(2):115-21. doi: 10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00205-6.
Bite mark identification is based on the individuality of a dentition, which is used to match a bite mark to a suspected perpetrator. This matching is based on a tooth-by-tooth and arch-to-arch comparison utilising parameters of size, shape and alignment. The most common method used to analyse bite mark are carried out in 2D space. That means that the 3D information is preserved only two dimensionally with distortions. This paper presents a new 3D documentation, analysis and visualisation approach based on forensic 3D/CAD supported photogrammetry (FPHG) and the use of a 3D surface scanner. Our photogrammetric approach and the used visualisation method is, to the best to our knowledge, the first 3D approach for bite mark analysis in an actual case. The documentation has no distortion artifacts as can be found with standard photography. All the data are documented with a metric 3D measurement, orientation and subsequent analysis in 3D space. Beside the metrical analysis between bite mark and cast, it is possible using our method to utilise the topographical 3D feature of each individual tooth. This means that the 3D features of the biting surfaces and edges of each teeth are respected which is--as shown in our case--very important especially in the front teeth which have the first contact to the skin. Based upon the 3D detailed representation of the cast with the 3D topographic characteristics of the teeth, the interaction with the 3D documented skin can be visualised and analysed on the computer screen.
咬痕鉴定基于牙列的个体性，用于将咬痕与可疑作案者进行匹配。这种匹配是基于逐个牙齿以及牙弓对牙弓的比较，利用大小、形状和排列等参数。分析咬痕最常用的方法是在二维空间中进行。这意味着三维信息仅以二维形式保留且存在失真。本文提出了一种基于法医三维/计算机辅助设计支持的摄影测量法（FPHG）和使用三维表面扫描仪的新的三维记录、分析和可视化方法。据我们所知，我们的摄影测量方法和所使用的可视化方法是实际案件中咬痕分析的首个三维方法。该记录没有标准摄影中可能出现的失真伪像。所有数据都通过三维空间中的度量三维测量、定向及后续分析进行记录。除了咬痕与模型之间的度量分析外，使用我们的方法还可以利用每颗牙齿的地形三维特征。这意味着每颗牙齿咬合面和边缘的三维特征都得到了考虑，正如我们的案例所示，这在与皮肤首先接触的前门牙中尤为重要。基于具有牙齿三维地形特征的模型的三维详细表示，可以在计算机屏幕上可视化并分析与三维记录皮肤的相互作用。
