Chikhani L, Dichamp J
Service de stomatologie et chirurgie maxillo-faciale de l'hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 21, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
Ann Readapt Med Phys. 2003 Jul;46(6):333-7. doi: 10.1016/s0168-6054(03)00115-6.
Tooth grinding and tooth clenching are unvoluntary mainly nocturnal habits that result in an hypertrophy of masseter and temporalis muscles with an unbalance between opening and closing muscles of the jaw and lead to an alteration of mandibular condyles movements and to hyper pressure in the temporo-mandibular joints (TMJ) which can generate severe pain. Intra muscular injections of botulinum toxin permit to restablish the balance between closing and opening muscles, to relieve pain, to treat masseteric hypertrophy with improvement of face outline and to recover a normal cinetic of temporo-mandibular joints. Moreover, botulinum toxin injections permit to quit habits of tooth grinding and clenching and one single session of injections is curative for 2/3 of the patients. There are no side effects apart from slight diffusion to superficial muscles of the face resulting in a "fixed" smile for about 6 to 8 weeks. So injections of botulinum toxin in masseter and temporalis muscles are an efficient treatment of bruxism and TMJ dysfunction, cheap with no lasting side effect.
磨牙和紧咬牙主要是无意识的夜间习惯，会导致咬肌和颞肌肥大，颌骨开合肌肉失衡，进而导致下颌髁突运动改变以及颞下颌关节（TMJ）压力过高，引发剧痛。肌肉注射肉毒杆菌毒素可恢复开合肌肉之间的平衡，缓解疼痛，治疗咬肌肥大，改善面部轮廓，并使颞下颌关节恢复正常运动。此外，肉毒杆菌毒素注射可戒除磨牙和紧咬牙的习惯，单次注射对三分之二的患者具有治愈效果。除了毒素轻微扩散至面部浅层肌肉，导致大约6至8周的“固定”笑容外，没有其他副作用。因此，在咬肌和颞肌注射肉毒杆菌毒素是治疗磨牙症和颞下颌关节功能障碍的有效方法，价格低廉且无持久副作用。
