Watkins David, Cheng Christopher, Mpofu Elias, Olowu Sola, Singh-Sengupta Sunita, Regmi Murari
Department of Education, University of Hong Kong, China.
J Soc Psychol. 2003 Aug;143(4):501-19. doi: 10.1080/00224540309598459.
The authors used the Twenty Statements Test in 2 studies to investigate gender and country differences in the spontaneous self-descriptions of 811 college students from Hong Kong, India, Nepal, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe and 136 secondary school students from Taiwan and Hong Kong. The authors performed statistical analysis and found no significant gender differences in the percentage of responses classified as belonging to the idiocentric self in either study. However, the authors found significant Country effects in both studies for responses classified as representing the idiocentric self and some aspects of the collective self, and the authors found significant Country x Gender effects involving all 4 categories of the idiocentric self and the collective self for the college students. These findings raise questions about the generalizability of Western findings that males are more likely to espouse an independent conception of self than females. However, as the authors predicted, females were more likely to use small group self-descriptions than their male peers.
作者在两项研究中使用了二十陈述测验，以调查来自中国香港、印度、尼泊尔、尼日利亚和津巴布韦的811名大学生以及来自中国台湾和中国香港的136名中学生在自发自我描述方面的性别和国家差异。作者进行了统计分析，发现在两项研究中，被归类为属于以自我为中心的自我的回答百分比均无显著性别差异。然而，作者发现，在两项研究中，对于被归类为代表以自我为中心的自我和集体自我某些方面的回答，存在显著的国家效应，并且作者发现，对于大学生而言，在以自我为中心的自我和集体自我的所有4个类别方面，存在显著的国家×性别效应。这些发现对西方关于男性比女性更倾向于支持独立自我概念的研究结果的普遍性提出了质疑。然而，正如作者所预测的，女性比男性同龄人更有可能使用小群体自我描述。
