Michie C, Lockie F, Lynn W
Department of Paediatrics, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust.
Arch Dis Child. 2003 Sep;88(9):818-21. doi: 10.1136/adc.88.9.818.
The process of lactation and feeding, referred to by some as the final stage of labour is remarkably successful. This phase of infant care has been subjected to considerable evolutionary pressure since the earliest mammals, reptiles and birds diversified. It has allowed thousands of species to occupy a vast range of ecological niches. Yet a significant complication of breast feeding remains inflammation of the lactating tissue: the pathology of mastitis. Mastitis rarely develops outside lactation, although it may affect individuals at any age in relation to congenital lesions such as duct ectasia, chronic disseminated infections such as tuberculosis, or during granulomatous, autoimmune or malignant processes. The immunology and consequences of mastitis as well as its impact on vertical transmission of infection require careful examination.
泌乳和喂养过程,有些人将其称为分娩的最后阶段,非常成功。自最早的哺乳动物、爬行动物和鸟类分化以来,婴儿护理的这一阶段一直承受着相当大的进化压力。它使成千上万的物种占据了广泛的生态位。然而,母乳喂养的一个重大并发症仍然是泌乳组织的炎症:乳腺炎的病理状况。乳腺炎很少在非哺乳期发生,尽管它可能因先天性病变如导管扩张、慢性播散性感染如结核病,或在肉芽肿性、自身免疫性或恶性过程中影响任何年龄的个体。乳腺炎的免疫学、后果及其对感染垂直传播的影响需要仔细研究。