Léonard P, Moutschen M, Demonty J
Département de Médecine interne, CHU de Liège.
Rev Med Liege. 2003 Jun;58(6):382-7.
Great scourge of poor countries, malaria is the most important tropical parasitic disease. It is responsible for a large number of deaths in concerned countries and represents a real danger for travellers going to endemic regions. So, prophylactic measures are essential. On the one hand protective measures against mosquito bites, by wearing covering clothes, by using repellents and bed net (eventually impregnated with insecticide) will be useful. On the other hand, chemoprophylaxis is most often necessary, adapted to the possibility of chloroquine resistant P. falciparum, to the length or conditions of travel, and to the traveller's antecedents and age. Special concern about pregnant woman is necessary, due to potential severity of malaria. Chemoprophylaxis needs to be continued after coming back, for a duration depending on the drug used. Unfortunately, no prophylaxis is 100% effective, and the appearance of fever during the travel or two to three months after return requires medical advice. In some circumstances, it is necessary to prescribe a stand-by emergency treatment, if no quick medical advice is possible.
疟疾是贫困国家的重大灾祸，是最重要的热带寄生虫病。它在相关国家造成大量死亡，对前往流行地区的旅行者构成真正威胁。因此，预防措施至关重要。一方面，采取防蚊叮咬的保护措施，如穿着遮盖衣物、使用驱虫剂和蚊帐（最终用杀虫剂浸渍）会很有用。另一方面，化学预防通常是必要的，要根据对氯喹耐药的恶性疟原虫的可能性、旅行的时长或条件、旅行者的既往病史和年龄进行调整。由于疟疾的潜在严重性，对孕妇需要特别关注。回国后化学预防仍需持续一段时间，具体时长取决于所使用的药物。不幸的是，没有哪种预防措施是100%有效的，旅行期间或返回后两到三个月出现发热需要就医咨询。在某些情况下，如果无法迅速获得医疗建议，有必要开出备用的紧急治疗处方。
