Yan Jun
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Neuroscience Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
Can J Neurol Sci. 2003 Aug;30(3):189-200. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100002572.
The functions of the cerebral cortex are predominantly established during the critical period of development. One obvious developmental feature is its division into different functional areas that systematically represent different environmental information. This is the result of interactions between intrinsic (genetic) factors and extrinsic (environmental) factors. Following this critical period, the cerebral cortex attains its adult form but it will continue to adapt to environmental changes. Thus, the cerebral cortex is constantly adapting to the environment (plasticity) from its embryonic stages to the last minute of life. This review details important factors that contribute to the development and plasticity of the auditory cortex. The instructive role of thalamocortical innervation, the regulatory role of cholinergic projection of the basal forebrain and the potential role of the corticofugal modulation are presented.
大脑皮层的功能主要在发育的关键时期确立。一个明显的发育特征是它被划分为不同的功能区域，这些区域系统地代表不同的环境信息。这是内在（遗传）因素和外在（环境）因素相互作用的结果。在这个关键时期之后，大脑皮层达到其成年形态，但它将继续适应环境变化。因此，大脑皮层从胚胎阶段到生命的最后一刻都在不断地适应环境（可塑性）。本综述详细介绍了有助于听觉皮层发育和可塑性的重要因素。阐述了丘脑皮质神经支配的指导作用、基底前脑胆碱能投射的调节作用以及皮质传出调制的潜在作用。
