Berridge Kent C, Robinson Terry E
Department of Psychology, Biopsychology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2003 Sep;26(9):507-13. doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00233-9.
Advances in neurobiology permit neuroscientists to manipulate specific brain molecules, neurons and systems. This has lead to major advances in the neuroscience of reward. Here, it is argued that further advances will require equal sophistication in parsing reward into its specific psychological components: (1) learning (including explicit and implicit knowledge produced by associative conditioning and cognitive processes); (2) affect or emotion (implicit 'liking' and conscious pleasure) and (3) motivation (implicit incentive salience 'wanting' and cognitive incentive goals). The challenge is to identify how different brain circuits mediate different psychological components of reward, and how these components interact.
神经生物学的进展使神经科学家能够操纵特定的脑分子、神经元和系统。这在奖赏神经科学领域带来了重大进展。在此，有人认为，进一步的进展将需要在将奖赏解析为其特定心理成分方面具备同样的精细度：（1）学习（包括由联想性条件作用和认知过程产生的显性和隐性知识）；（2）情感或情绪（隐性的“喜好”和有意识的愉悦）以及（3）动机（隐性的激励显著性“渴望”和认知激励目标）。挑战在于确定不同的脑回路如何介导奖赏的不同心理成分，以及这些成分如何相互作用。
