Bosnir Jasna, Puntarić Dinko, Skes Ivo, Klarić Maja, Simić Spomenka, Zorić Ivan, Galić Radoslav
Department of Health Ecology, Public Health Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2003;27 Suppl 1:31-9.
The aim of this investigation was to determine the levels of heavy metals and metalloids in freshwater fish from the Zagreb area. A total of 216 freshwater fish samples from 5 sites were examined: Sava river upstream from Zagreb, Sava river at Zagreb, Sava river downstream from Zagreb, Jarun Lake, and 5 "ecologic" fishponds from the Zagreb surroundings. The metals lead, cadmium, mercury and the metalloid arsenic were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean pooled levels of lead, cadmium and arsenic in all fish samples were 112.3 +/- 95 micrograms/kg, 8.5 +/- 11 micrograms/kg and 23.5 +/- 36 micrograms/kg, and did not exceed the allowed levels of 1,000 mg/kg, 100 micrograms/kg and 200 micrograms/kg, respectively. In 4 fish samples, the levels of mercury exceeded the allowed limit of 500 micrograms/kg (509, 596, 605 and 788 micrograms/kg), however, the pooled mean level of mercury was 127.8 +/- 90 micrograms/kg. There was no major difference in the levels of heavy metals between the two fish families observed, although the levels of lead, cadmium and mercury were higher in the family Ictaluridae (144 vs. 107 micrograms/kg, 10.4 vs. 8.2 micrograms/kg, and 153 vs. 124 micrograms/kg, respectively), whereas the level of arsenic was higher in the family Cyprinidae (23.8 vs. 21.8 micrograms/kg). Although the Sava river at Zagreb is the main recipient of sewage and wastewater in the Republic of Croatia, the levels of heavy metals were within the allowed limits in all groups of freshwater fish samples, with the exception of 4 samples that contained moderately elevated levels of mercury. Study results suggest that only mercury could be considered a good indicator of environmental pollution, because higher levels of mercury were measured in the fish from the Sava river than in the fish from the Jarun Lake and fishponds from the Zagreb surroundings, considering both pooleded and fish family specified data.
本调查的目的是测定萨格勒布地区淡水鱼体内重金属和类金属的含量。共检测了来自5个地点的216份淡水鱼样本：萨格勒布上游的萨瓦河、萨格勒布处的萨瓦河、萨格勒布下游的萨瓦河、亚鲁恩湖以及萨格勒布周边的5个“生态”鱼塘。采用原子吸收光谱法测定铅、镉、汞和类金属砷。所有鱼样本中铅、镉和砷的平均合并含量分别为112.3±95微克/千克、8.5±11微克/千克和23.5±36微克/千克，均未超过允许含量1000毫克/千克、100微克/千克和200微克/千克。在4份鱼样本中，汞含量超过了允许限值500微克/千克（分别为509、596、605和788微克/千克），不过汞的平均合并含量为127.8±90微克/千克。观察到的两个鱼类家族的重金属含量没有显著差异，尽管鲶鱼科中铅、镉和汞的含量较高（分别为144对107微克/千克、10.4对8.2微克/千克、153对124微克/千克），而鲤科中砷的含量较高（23.8对21.8微克/千克）。尽管萨格勒布处的萨瓦河是克罗地亚共和国污水和废水的主要接纳地，但除了4份汞含量中度升高的样本外，所有淡水鱼样本组中的重金属含量均在允许限值内。研究结果表明，只有汞可被视为环境污染的良好指标，因为综合合并数据和按鱼类家族分类的数据来看，萨瓦河鱼类中的汞含量高于亚鲁恩湖鱼类和萨格勒布周边鱼塘鱼类中的汞含量。
