Parrish Krystal H, Smith Michele R, Moran Lyndsey, Ruberry Erika J, Lengua Liliana J
Department of Psychology, University of Washington.
Infant Child Dev. 2022 Jul-Aug;31(4). doi: 10.1002/icd.2314. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
This study examined bidirectional relations between television exposure and effortful control accounting for the effects of family contextual risk factors.
Data were from a sample (N=306) of parents and their preschool-age children (T1 M = 36 mos. in 2008-2010) assessed four times, once every 9 mos.
At T1, adolescent parent status predicted lower child delay ability (DA), and maternal depression predicted higher TV time. Above these effects, higher T1 and T2 child executive control (EC) prospectively predicted lower T2 and T3 TV time, while higher T1 TV time predicted lower T2 EC. Higher EC at T4 predicted fewer total problems, greater social competence, and greater academic readiness at T4, and higher TV time at T4 predicted lower academic readiness. DA was unrelated to TV time or adjustment.
Findings suggest executive control and TV time predict changes in each other in early childhood, and in turn, executive control predicts better child adjustment while TV time might be more relevant for academic readiness. Moreover, family risk factors appear to play a role in both TV viewing time and effortful control.
本研究考察了电视观看时间与努力控制之间的双向关系，并考虑了家庭背景风险因素的影响。
数据来自一个样本（N = 306），包括父母及其学龄前儿童（2008 - 2010年T1时平均年龄为36个月），共进行了四次评估，每9个月一次。
在T1时，青少年父母身份预示着儿童较低的延迟能力（DA），而母亲抑郁预示着较长的电视观看时间。除了这些影响外，较高的T1和T2儿童执行控制（EC）前瞻性地预示着较低的T2和T3电视观看时间，而较高的T1电视观看时间预示着较低的T2执行控制。T4时较高的执行控制预示着T4时较少的总体问题、较高的社会能力和较高的学业准备度，而T4时较长的电视观看时间预示着较低的学业准备度。延迟能力与电视观看时间或适应情况无关。
研究结果表明，执行控制和电视观看时间在幼儿期相互预测变化，反过来，执行控制预示着儿童更好的适应情况，而电视观看时间可能与学业准备度更相关。此外，家庭风险因素似乎在电视观看时间和努力控制方面都发挥了作用。
