Golet Eva M, Xifra Irene, Siegrist Hansruedi, Alder Alfredo C, Giger Walter
Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2003 Aug 1;37(15):3243-9. doi: 10.1021/es0264448.
The behavior of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents (FQs) during mechanical-biological wastewater treatment was studied by mass flow analysis. In addition, the fate of FQs in agricultural soils after sludge application was investigated. Concentrations of FQs in filtered wastewater (raw sewage, primary, secondary, and tertiary effluents) were determined using solid-phase extraction with mixed phase cation exchange disk cartridges and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. FQs in suspended solids, sewage sludge (raw, excess, and anaerobically digested sludge), and sludge-treated soils were determined as described for the aqueous samples but preceded by accelerated solvent extraction. Wastewater treatment resulted in a reduction of the FQ mass flow of 88-92%, mainly due to sorption on sewage sludge. A sludge-wastewater partition coefficient (log Kd approximately 4) was calculated in the activated sludge reactors with a hydraulic residence time of about 8 h. No significant removal of FQs occurred under methanogenic conditions of the sludge digesters. These results suggest sewage sludge as the main reservoir of FQ residues and outline the importance of sludge management strategies to determine whether most of the human-excreted FQs enter the environment. Field experiments of sludge-application to agricultural land confirmed the long-term persistence of trace amounts of FQs in sludge-treated soils and indicated a limited mobility of FQs into the subsoil.
通过质量流分析研究了氟喹诺酮类抗菌剂（FQs）在机械生物废水处理过程中的行为。此外，还研究了污泥施用于农田土壤后FQs的归宿。使用混合相阳离子交换盘柱固相萃取和带荧光检测的反相液相色谱法测定过滤后废水中（原污水、一级、二级和三级出水）FQs的浓度。悬浮固体、污水污泥（生污泥、剩余污泥和厌氧消化污泥）以及污泥处理土壤中的FQs测定方法与水样相同，但需先进行加速溶剂萃取。废水处理使FQs的质量流减少了88 - 92%，这主要是由于其吸附在污水污泥上。在水力停留时间约为8小时的活性污泥反应器中计算出污泥 - 废水分配系数（log Kd约为4）。在污泥消化器的产甲烷条件下，FQs没有明显去除。这些结果表明污水污泥是FQs残留的主要储存库，并概述了污泥管理策略对于确定大多数人类排泄的FQs是否进入环境的重要性。污泥施用于农田的田间试验证实了污泥处理土壤中痕量FQs的长期持久性，并表明FQs向下层土壤的迁移有限。
