MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Water Res. 2012 Feb 1;46(2):387-94. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.055. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
This study developed a method for analysis of nineteen quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in sludge samples, and investigated the occurrence and fate of the FQs in a municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) with anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic treatment processes. Eleven compounds, including pipemidic acid, fleroxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and sarafloxacin (only in sludge), were detected in the STP. The predominance of ofloxacin and norfloxacin, followed by lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin, were found in wastewater, suspended solids, and sludge. The total concentrations of FQs were 2573 ± 241 ng/L, 1013 ± 218 ng/L, and 18.4 ± 0.9 mg/kg in raw sewage, secondary effluent, and sludge, respectively. Extremely low mass change percentages were observed for FQs in anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic treatment units, suggesting biodegradation to be of minor importance in the removal of FQs in STPs. 50-87% of the initial FQs loadings (except for pipemidic acid (36%)) were ultimately found in the dewatered sludge. Mean removal efficiencies of FQs in the STP were 56-75%, except for new generation drugs such as moxifloxacin (40 ± 5%) and gatifloxacin (43 ± 13%). A significant positive correlation was found between removal efficiencies and K(d) of FQs. The major factor in the removal of FQs in the STP was sorption to sludge, which was not governed by hydrophobic interactions. The long-term cycling and persistence of FQs in the STP has made activated sludge as a huge reservoir of FQ antibiotics.
本研究开发了一种分析十九种喹诺酮和氟喹诺酮抗生素（FQs）在污泥样品中的方法，并研究了一种具有厌氧、缺氧和有氧处理工艺的城市污水处理厂（STP）中 FQs 的发生和归宿。在 STP 中检测到 11 种化合物，包括哌甲啶酸、氟罗沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、洛美沙星、司帕沙星、加替沙星、莫西沙星和沙拉沙星（仅在污泥中）。废水中以氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星为主，其次是洛美沙星、环丙沙星、加替沙星和莫西沙星，悬浮物和污泥中也是如此。在原污水、二级出水和污泥中的 FQs 总浓度分别为 2573±241ng/L、1013±218ng/L 和 18.4±0.9mg/kg。在厌氧、缺氧和有氧处理单元中，FQs 的质量变化百分比极低，表明生物降解在 STP 中去除 FQs 方面的作用较小。除哌甲啶酸（36%）外，初始 FQs 负荷的 50-87%最终出现在脱水污泥中。STP 中 FQs 的平均去除效率为 56-75%，除了莫西沙星（40±5%）和加替沙星（43±13%）等新一代药物外。在 STP 中，FQs 的去除效率与 K(d)之间存在显著的正相关关系。STP 中 FQs 去除的主要因素是吸附到污泥上，这不受疏水性相互作用的控制。FQs 在 STP 中的长期循环和持久性使活性污泥成为 FQ 抗生素的巨大储存库。
