Sanjur Oris I, Carmona José A, Doadrio Ignacio
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa, Panama.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003 Oct;29(1):20-30. doi: 10.1016/s1055-7903(03)00088-5.
Origins and biogeography of the chub, genus Squalius (formerly within the genus Leuciscus), in the Iberian Peninsula were inferred from comparison between patterns of geographic distribution and phylogenetic relationships among populations belonging to 14 European Squalius species. The phylogeny recovered was based on the complete sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Squalius species were grouped into three major clades. The basal clade included species distributed across the ancient Paratethys Sea. The second clade included species from Central and East Europe and the northern areas of the Mediterranean basin towards Minor Asia. The third clade included species from the Mediterranean Peninsulas (Iberian, Italy, and Balkans). The Iberian Squalius species do not constitutes a monophyletic group. Our data indicate that the Iberian Peninsula was colonized at least twice by two different monophyletic lineages, a meridional group and a Central Europe group. The amount of species diversity found in the Iberian Peninsula and the phylogenetic relationships among these species, together with their geographic distribution, suggest that the Central Europe lineage colonized the Iberian Peninsula at a latter time. Our data indicate that the northeastern Iberian lineage is phylogenetically close to Greek populations of Squalius cephalus, while the second lineage formed a monophyletic group including Squalius pyrenaicus, Squalius carolitertii, Squalius aradensis, and Squalius torgalensis. The speciation process that generated these species and the geographic structure of their populations, principally in S. pyrenaicus, can be attributed to paleogeographical events like the ancient endorrheism and the development of hydrographic basins.
通过比较14种欧洲雅罗鱼属（Squalius，以前属于雅罗鱼属Leuciscus）种群的地理分布模式和系统发育关系，推断出伊比利亚半岛雅罗鱼的起源和生物地理学。所恢复的系统发育基于线粒体细胞色素b基因的完整序列。雅罗鱼属物种被分为三个主要分支。基部支系包括分布在古地中海的物种。第二个支系包括来自中欧和东欧以及地中海盆地北部地区至小亚细亚的物种。第三个支系包括来自地中海半岛（伊比利亚、意大利和巴尔干半岛）的物种。伊比利亚雅罗鱼属物种并不构成一个单系类群。我们的数据表明，伊比利亚半岛至少被两个不同的单系谱系殖民过两次，一个是南部群体，另一个是中欧群体。在伊比利亚半岛发现的物种多样性数量以及这些物种之间的系统发育关系，连同它们的地理分布，表明中欧谱系在较晚时期殖民了伊比利亚半岛。我们的数据表明，伊比利亚半岛东北部谱系在系统发育上与希腊的大头雅罗鱼（Squalius cephalus）种群接近，而第二个谱系形成了一个单系类群，包括比利牛斯雅罗鱼（Squalius pyrenaicus）、卡罗利特雅罗鱼（Squalius carolitertii）、阿拉德雅罗鱼（Squalius aradensis）和托尔加尔雅罗鱼（Squalius torgalensis）。产生这些物种的物种形成过程以及它们种群的地理结构，主要是在比利牛斯雅罗鱼中，可以归因于古地理事件，如古代内流现象和水系盆地的发育。
