Corrigan B
Institute of Sport Medicine Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Int J Sports Med. 2003 Oct;24(7):535-40. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-42015.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a controversial problem in sport since participants with this disorder often require banned stimulant medication while competing. Little information is available in the literature concerning this problem or whether sports people should be allowed to participate while on stimulant therapy. The intention of this review is to undertake a brief review of recent findings in ADHD, especially as they apply to sport, and suggest some guidelines that could then be applied by sporting bodies to allow ADHD sufferers to compete. Recent scientific evidence, clinical, genetic, and imaging techniques, confirm that ADHD is characterised by dysfunction in dopamine transmission in the frontal lobes and basal ganglia structures, regions associated with attention and behaviour. The dopamine transporter (DAT) regulates dopamine by removing excess. In ADHD people, the number and density of DATs and DAT binding sites are increased by up to 70 %. The dopamine agonist methylphenidate blockades DAT, significantly increasing extra cellular dopamine, so correcting the dopamine deficiency. Methods. A search of the English literature was made using Medline from the years 1980 to 2002. [nl]The aim of this review is not to debate the use of stimulants or how often they are necessary or successful in this condition but to point out that a number of young sport people with ADHD require such medication on a regular basis. Although there are problems with their use as far as the International Olympics Committee (IOC) is concerned, it would seem most unfair to penalise sports people by having to give up their medication, even for a few days or at some arbitrary age, in order to compete.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在体育界是一个颇具争议的问题，因为患有这种疾病的参与者在比赛时往往需要使用违禁的兴奋剂药物。关于这个问题或运动员在接受兴奋剂治疗时是否应被允许参赛，文献中几乎没有相关信息。本综述的目的是简要回顾ADHD的最新研究结果，尤其是那些适用于体育领域的研究结果，并提出一些体育机构可采用的指导方针，以使ADHD患者能够参赛。近期的科学证据、临床、遗传学和成像技术证实，ADHD的特征是额叶和基底神经节结构中多巴胺传递功能障碍，这些区域与注意力和行为相关。多巴胺转运体（DAT）通过清除多余的多巴胺来调节其水平。在ADHD患者中，DAT的数量和密度以及DAT结合位点增加了多达70%。多巴胺激动剂哌甲酯可阻断DAT，显著增加细胞外多巴胺水平，从而纠正多巴胺缺乏。方法。使用Medline对1980年至2002年的英文文献进行了检索。[nl]本综述的目的不是辩论兴奋剂的使用问题，也不是讨论在这种情况下使用兴奋剂的频率或其效果如何，而是指出许多患有ADHD的年轻运动员经常需要这种药物治疗。尽管就国际奥委会（IOC）而言，使用兴奋剂存在问题，但要求运动员为了参赛而放弃用药，哪怕只是几天或在某个任意设定的年龄，似乎都是极其不公平的。
