Oganov V S
Institute of Medical-Biological Problems, Russian Acad. Sci., Russia, 123007, Moscow, 76a Khoroshevskoe Shosse.
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 2003 Mar;89(3):347-55.
Main osteoporosis definitions and some results of bone tissue research in Russian astronauts, patients, and healthy subjects, using modern osteodensitometry, are presented. Bone mineral density (BMD) was regularly decreased at lower segments of skeleton. In the skull bone and some other sites of upper part of skeleton, a tendency was revealed for an increase of the bone mineral content (BMC). The mean value of bone loss was within the normal range and not correlated with duration of space flight; it revealed a high individual variability and in some cases was clinically qualified as local osteopenia. On the ground of analysis of own results and animal and bone cultural experiments data in microgravity conditions, the described changes seem to be reflecting a deceleration of bone formation as an adaptive response of bone tissue to the mechanical unloading. The response is realized mainly on the tissue level. It does not exclude bone resorption activity as a result of changes in hierarchy of water and electrolytes metabolism as reflected by body fluid redistribution in cranial direction. The results obtained broaden our notions on pathogenesis of some types of osteoporosis in clinic.
介绍了俄罗斯宇航员、患者和健康受试者骨质疏松的主要定义以及使用现代骨密度测量法进行骨组织研究的一些结果。骨骼下部的骨矿物质密度（BMD）经常降低。在颅骨和骨骼上部的其他一些部位，发现骨矿物质含量（BMC）有增加的趋势。骨质流失的平均值在正常范围内，且与太空飞行时间无关；它显示出高度的个体差异，在某些情况下临床上被判定为局部骨质减少。根据对自身研究结果以及微重力条件下动物和骨培养实验数据的分析，上述变化似乎反映了骨形成的减速，这是骨组织对机械卸载的一种适应性反应。这种反应主要在组织水平上实现。这并不排除由于水和电解质代谢层次变化导致的骨吸收活动，这种变化表现为体液向颅侧重新分布。所获得的结果拓宽了我们对临床中某些类型骨质疏松发病机制的认识。
