Oganov V S, Grigor'ev A I
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 2012 Mar;98(3):395-409.
Systematically results and new analysis data on the investigation of human bone system in space flight, the orbital station Mir and International Space Station, are presented. The bone mineral density, bone mineral content, identified as bone mass and body composition using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were measured. Theoretically, an expected bone mass loss in trabecular tissue of lower skeletal half may by described as a quickly developing but reversible osteopenia and considered as evidence of functional adaptation of bone tissue to the changing mechanical load. A hypothesis of main mechanisms of osteopenia in microgravity is presented. High individual variability of bone mass losses and stability of individual pattern of correlation between bone mass losses in different skeletal segments were found. It is not possible to identify the relationship between bone mass losses and duration of space missions. Therefore it is not a sufficient ground to calculate the probability of reaching the critical level of bone demineralization by prolonged space flight. The same relates to the probability of prognosis of bone quality changes. There is data about dual energy X-ray absorptiometry that is insufficient for this prognosis. The main direction of investigations is presented which might optimize the interplanetary mission from the point of view of skeletal mechanical functions preservation.
本文展示了在太空飞行、和平号轨道空间站及国际空间站上对人类骨骼系统进行研究的系统性结果和新的分析数据。使用双能X线吸收法测量了骨矿物质密度、骨矿物质含量，这些被确定为骨量和身体成分。理论上，预计下半身骨骼小梁组织中的骨量流失可描述为快速发展但可逆的骨质减少，并被视为骨组织对不断变化的机械负荷进行功能适应的证据。本文提出了微重力环境下骨质减少主要机制的假说。研究发现骨量流失存在高度个体差异，且不同骨骼节段的骨量流失之间存在个体相关性模式的稳定性。无法确定骨量流失与太空任务持续时间之间的关系。因此，没有足够的依据来计算长期太空飞行导致骨脱矿达到临界水平的概率。这同样适用于骨质量变化的预后概率。关于双能X线吸收法的数据不足以进行这种预后评估。本文还介绍了主要的研究方向，从骨骼机械功能保护的角度来看，这些方向可能会优化星际任务。
