Alberti Sandra, Spadella César T, Francischone Telma R C G, Assis Gerson F, Cestari Tania M, Taveira Luís A A
Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.
J Oral Pathol Med. 2003 Oct;32(9):538-43. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00162.x.
In recent years, important advances have occurred in the determination of diagnostic criteria for the disease diabetes mellitus and in new strategies for its treatment. The purpose of this research was to develop a new method for diabetes diagnosis by microscopic and cytomorphometric analyses of the oral epithelium.
The smears were obtained from three distinct oral sites: buccal mucosa (cheek), tongue dorsum, and floor of the mouth in 10 control individuals and 10 type II diabetic patients. The oral smears were stained with Papanicolaou EA-36 solution. The nuclear (NA) and cytoplasmic (CA) areas were evaluated from 50 integral cells predominant in each oral site by the use of the KS 300 image analysis system (Carl Zeiss, Germany), by which the cytoplasmic/nuclear ratio (C/N) was calculated.
The results showed that: (i) the epithelial cells of the diabetic group exhibited figures of binucleation and occasional karyorrhexis in all layers; (ii) the NA was markedly higher (P < 0.05) in the diabetic group; (iii) the CA did not exhibit a statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between these two groups; and (iv) the C/N mean was 37.4% lower in the type II diabetic group.
These results associated with clinical observations suggest that diabetes mellitus can produce alterations in oral epithelial cells, detectable by microscopy and cytomorphometry, which can be used in the diagnosis of this disease.
近年来，糖尿病的诊断标准确定及治疗新策略方面取得了重要进展。本研究的目的是通过口腔上皮的显微镜检查和细胞形态计量分析开发一种新的糖尿病诊断方法。
从10名对照个体和10名II型糖尿病患者的三个不同口腔部位获取涂片：颊黏膜（脸颊）、舌背和口腔底部。口腔涂片用巴氏EA - 36溶液染色。使用KS 300图像分析系统（德国卡尔蔡司公司）对每个口腔部位50个主要的完整细胞的细胞核（NA）和细胞质（CA）区域进行评估，并计算细胞质/细胞核比率（C/N）。
结果显示：（i）糖尿病组的上皮细胞在所有层均表现出双核化和偶尔的核溶解现象；（ii）糖尿病组的NA明显更高（P < 0.05）；（iii）两组之间的CA没有统计学上的显著差异（P > 0.05）；（iv）II型糖尿病组的C/N平均值低37.4%。
这些与临床观察相关的结果表明，糖尿病可导致口腔上皮细胞发生改变，通过显微镜检查和细胞形态计量学可检测到，这可用于该疾病的诊断。
