Nation Maury, Crusto Cindy, Wandersman Abraham, Kumpfer Karol L, Seybolt Diana, Morrissey-Kane Erin, Davino Katrina
Department of Human and Organizational Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody College, #90, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Am Psychol. 2003 Jun-Jul;58(6-7):449-56. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.58.6-7.449.
The high prevalence of drug abuse, delinquency, youth violence, and other youth problems creates a need to identify and disseminate effective prevention strategies. General principles gleaned from effective interventions may help prevention practitioners select, modify, or create more effective programs. Using a review-of-reviews approach across 4 areas (substance abuse, risky sexual behavior, school failure, and juvenile delinquency and violence), the authors identified 9 characteristics that were consistently associated with effective prevention programs: Programs were comprehensive, included varied teaching methods, provided sufficient dosage, were theory driven, provided opportunities for positive relationships, were appropriately timed, were socioculturally relevant, included outcome evaluation, and involved well-trained staff. This synthesis can inform the planning and implementation of problem-specific prevention interventions, provide a rationale for multi-problem prevention programs, and serve as a basis for further research.
药物滥用、犯罪、青少年暴力及其他青少年问题的高发生率促使人们需要去识别并传播有效的预防策略。从有效干预措施中总结出的一般原则或许能帮助预防工作从业者选择、调整或创建更有效的项目。通过对四个领域（药物滥用、危险性行为、学业失败以及青少年犯罪与暴力）的综述分析，作者们确定了与有效预防项目始终相关的九个特征：项目具备综合性、包含多种教学方法、提供足够的时长、以理论为导向、提供建立积极人际关系的机会、时机恰当、与社会文化相关、包含结果评估以及有训练有素的工作人员参与。这一综合分析可为针对特定问题的预防干预措施的规划与实施提供参考，为多问题预防项目提供理论依据，并作为进一步研究的基础。
