García M, Vecino E
Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
Histol Histopathol. 2003 Oct;18(4):1205-18. doi: 10.14670/HH-18.1205.
Glial cells are thought to protect neurons from various neurological insults. When there is injury to retina, Müller cells, which are the predominant glial element in the retina, undergo significant morphological, cellular and molecular changes. Some of these changes reflect Müller cell involvement in protecting the retina from further damage. Müller cells express growth factors, neurotransmitter transporters and antioxidant agents that could have an important role in preventing excitotoxic damage to retinal neurons. Moreover, Müller cells contact to endothelial cells to facilitate the neovascularization process during hypoxic conditions. Finally, recent studies have pointed to a role of Müller cells in retina regeneration after damage, dedifferentiating to progenitor cells and then giving rise to different neuronal cell types. In this article we will review the role of Müller glia in neuroprotection and regeneration after damage in the retina.
神经胶质细胞被认为可以保护神经元免受各种神经损伤。当视网膜受到损伤时，作为视网膜中主要神经胶质成分的穆勒细胞会发生显著的形态、细胞和分子变化。其中一些变化反映了穆勒细胞参与保护视网膜免受进一步损伤。穆勒细胞表达生长因子、神经递质转运体和抗氧化剂，这些物质在预防视网膜神经元的兴奋性毒性损伤中可能发挥重要作用。此外，穆勒细胞与内皮细胞接触，以促进缺氧条件下的新生血管形成过程。最后，最近的研究指出了穆勒细胞在损伤后视网膜再生中的作用，即去分化为祖细胞，然后产生不同类型的神经元细胞。在本文中，我们将综述穆勒胶质细胞在视网膜损伤后的神经保护和再生中的作用。
