Ponomarenko V A
Aviakosm Ekolog Med. 1992 May-Jun;26(3):18-24.
The paper deals with the psychological and physiological mechanisms characterizing the behavioral patterns of a pilot under emergency situations. In a regular flight, the most important psychic regulator is a target-image and predicting of an assigned task performance serves as the mechanism of its implementation. In non-routine situation, the regulation pattern is significantly changed. Under emergencies, there exist two levels of pilot responses: adaptive-defensive reactions which activate the automated acts and evaluation-decision-making ones which promote intellectual transformations of information to compare the conceptual and information models. In order that under emergency the pilot response be successful the specific mental skills are needed to promote the rate of abstraction and determination of key sings which are the basis for decision making. Experimental data on the reliability and adequacy of pilot response in real flight under simulated contingencies are presented. Typical disorders of cognitive psychic processes, behavioral disorganization under these conditions have been described. The components of psychophysiological adequacy of pilots and principles and means of its creation are discussed.
本文探讨了表征飞行员在紧急情况下行为模式的心理和生理机制。在常规飞行中，最重要的心理调节器是目标意象，而对指定任务执行情况的预测则是其实现机制。在非常规情况下，调节模式会发生显著变化。在紧急情况下，飞行员有两种反应水平：激活自动行为的适应性防御反应和促进信息智力转换以比较概念模型和信息模型的评估决策反应。为了使飞行员在紧急情况下的反应取得成功，需要特定的心理技能来提高抽象速度和确定关键信号，这些是决策的基础。文中给出了在模拟突发事件下实际飞行中飞行员反应的可靠性和充分性的实验数据。描述了这些情况下典型的认知心理过程障碍和行为紊乱。讨论了飞行员心理生理充分性的组成部分及其建立的原则和方法。
