Svensson E, Angelborg-Thanderz M, Sjoberg L, Olsson S
National Defence Research Establishment, Linkoping, Sweden.
Ergonomics. 1997 Mar;40(3):362-80. doi: 10.1080/001401397188206.
The purpose of the present study was to analyse the effects of information complexity on Pilot Mental WorkLoad (PMWL) and Pilot Performance (PP), and to analyse the structure of PMWL. Eighteen pilots performed 72 simulated low level-high speed emissions. The complexity of the Head Down Display (HDD) information varied as a function of the tactical situation. Flight data were recorded continuously. The pilots' eye movements were video taped and psychophysiological activation data, Heart Rate (HR), were obtained. The pilots rated PMWL according to the psychological content of three scales (Bedford Rating Scale, Subjective Workload Assessment Technique, NASA-Task Load indeX) and answered a questionnaire tapping aspects of performance, information load, motivation and mood. It was found that even a moderate complexity of information interfered with the flight task. Altitude and variation in altitude were increased and corrections of altitude errors were delayed, when complexity increased. Changes in information load reached its maximum influence on flight performance (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) after a time delay of 20 to 40 seconds. Performance of the flight task correlated positively (r = 0.59, p <0.001) with the performance of the information handling task (Tactical Situation Awareness, TSA). Durations and frequencies of eye fixations Head Up (HU) versus Head Down (HD) changed as a function of information load. A structural equation model implied that PMWL was affected by mission complexity and that PMWL affected objective and subjective aspects of flight performance and information handling. Heart rate (sortie means) correlated positively with PMWL (r = 0.34, p <0.05) and perceived complexity of mission (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Heart rate (running means) covaried with variations in information complexity for those pilots who performed well. From spectral analyses of cardiac interval times it was found that the amplitude of the 0.10 Hz component tended to decrease during high as compared to low levels of information load.
本研究的目的是分析信息复杂性对飞行员心理工作负荷（PMWL）和飞行员绩效（PP）的影响，并分析PMWL的结构。18名飞行员进行了72次模拟低空高速排放。平视显示器（HDD）信息的复杂性根据战术情况而变化。飞行数据被连续记录。对飞行员的眼动进行录像，并获取心理生理激活数据、心率（HR）。飞行员根据三个量表（贝德福德评定量表、主观工作负荷评估技术、NASA任务负荷指数）的心理内容对PMWL进行评分，并回答一份涉及绩效、信息负荷、动机和情绪方面的问卷。研究发现，即使是适度的信息复杂性也会干扰飞行任务。当复杂性增加时，高度和高度变化会增加，高度误差的校正会延迟。信息负荷的变化在延迟20至40秒后对飞行性能产生最大影响（r = 0.60，p < 0.001）。飞行任务的绩效与信息处理任务（战术态势感知，TSA）的绩效呈正相关（r = 0.59，p <0.001）。抬头（HU）与低头（HD）注视的持续时间和频率随信息负荷而变化。结构方程模型表明，PMWL受任务复杂性影响，且PMWL影响飞行性能和信息处理的客观和主观方面。心率（ sortie平均值）与PMWL呈正相关（r = 0.34，p <0.05），与任务的感知复杂性呈正相关（r = 0.37，p < 0.01）。对于表现良好的飞行员，心率（运行平均值）与信息复杂性的变化协变。从心脏间期的频谱分析发现，与低信息负荷水平相比，在高信息负荷水平下，0.10 Hz分量的幅度趋于降低。
