Carson Jo Ann S
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8877, USA.
Curr Diab Rep. 2003 Oct;3(5):397-403. doi: 10.1007/s11892-003-0084-z.
National guidelines indicate patients with elevated low- density lipoprotein cholesterol should consume less than 7% of calories from saturated fat and less than 200 mg of cholesterol. Trans fatty acids should also be limited. Incorporation of functional foods, such as stanol-containing margarine, soy products, and soluble fiber-rich cereals and vegetables can provide further benefit. In addition to weight loss and physical activity, individuals with hypertriglyceridemia benefit from a diet moderate in fat and carbohydrate rather than a low-fat diet. Including monounsaturated or omega-3 fatty acids lowers serum triglycerides. Many of the dietary strategies to optimize serum lipids also contribute to glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus.
国家指南指出，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高的患者应摄入饱和脂肪供能低于7%，胆固醇摄入量低于200毫克。反式脂肪酸也应受限。食用功能性食品，如含植物甾醇的人造黄油、豆制品以及富含可溶性纤维的谷物和蔬菜，可能会带来更多益处。除了减重和体育活动外，高甘油三酯血症患者采用脂肪和碳水化合物含量适中的饮食比低脂饮食更有益。摄入单不饱和脂肪酸或ω-3脂肪酸可降低血清甘油三酯水平。许多优化血脂的饮食策略对糖尿病患者的血糖控制也有帮助。
