Urine mutagenicity in workers directly employed in coke production.

Mutagenicity and toxicity of urine samples of 30 coke oven workers (group I) and 26 individuals composing a control group (group II) was estimated using Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100. Urine mutagenicity and toxicity, tested with strain TA 98 and metabolic activation, was significantly higher in group I than in group II. Using the strain TA 100, urine samples of coke oven workers showed only direct toxicity. Mutagenic and toxic activity was observed mostly in workers exposed to the highest BaP concentrations. No correlation was found between obtained results and tobacco smoking. Increased urinary mutagenic activity in group I resulted from exposure to very high BaP concentrations. It is concluded that urine samples of exposed coke oven workers should be periodically tested for mutagenic activity. Workers with mutagenic urine ought to be shifted to work posts with lower exposure to mutagens.