Gudkov A V, Komarova E A, Nikiforov M A, Zaitsevskaya T E
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
J Virol. 1992 Mar;66(3):1726-36. doi: 10.1128/JVI.66.3.1726-1736.1992.
A 3' region of a previously unknown retroviruslike element named ART-CH (avian retrotransposon from chicken genome) was obtained in the course of polymerase chain reaction-mediated cloning of avian leukosis virus long terminal repeats (LTRs) from DNAs of infected chicken cells. About 50 copies of ART-CH are present in the genome of chickens of different breeds. ART-CH is not found in DNA of quails, ducks, turkeys, or several other birds tested. The ART-CH element is about 3 kb in size, including 388 bp LTRs. The major class of ART-CH-specific RNA, also 3 kb in size, is detected in various organs of chickens. An ART-CH polypurine tract, a tRNA(Trp)-binding site, regions around the TATA box and polyadenylation signal, and the beginning of the putative gag gene strongly resemble the corresponding regions of avian leukosis viruses and EAV, the two described classes of chicken retroviruses. An open reading frame capable of encoding a polypeptide with a putative transmembrane domain is located upstream of the right ART-CH LTR. This sequence, as well as the U3 and U5 regions of the ART-CH LTR, has no obvious similarities with the corresponding parts of other known vertebrate retroviruses and retrotransposons. A short sequence upstream of the right LTR of ART-CH is very similar to sequences which flank the 3' ends of the oncogenes v-src, v-myc, v-fps, and v-crk in four different recombinant avian retroviruses and which are absent from the genomes of other studied avian retroviruses. Thus, ART-CH is a new endogenous chicken provirus that may participate in the formation of recombinant oncogenic retroviruses.
在从感染鸡细胞的DNA中通过聚合酶链反应介导克隆禽白血病病毒长末端重复序列（LTR）的过程中，获得了一种先前未知的类逆转录病毒元件ART-CH（来自鸡基因组的禽逆转座子）的3'区域。不同品种鸡的基因组中约有50个拷贝的ART-CH。在鹌鹑、鸭、火鸡或其他几种测试鸟类的DNA中未发现ART-CH。ART-CH元件大小约为3 kb，包括388 bp的LTR。在鸡的各种器官中检测到大小也为3 kb的主要一类ART-CH特异性RNA。ART-CH的多聚嘌呤序列、tRNA(Trp)结合位点、TATA框和多聚腺苷酸化信号周围的区域以及推定的gag基因起始部位与禽白血病病毒和EAV（两类已描述的鸡逆转录病毒）的相应区域非常相似。一个能够编码具有推定跨膜结构域的多肽的开放阅读框位于右侧ART-CH LTR的上游。该序列以及ART-CH LTR的U3和U5区域与其他已知脊椎动物逆转录病毒和逆转座子的相应部分没有明显相似性。ART-CH右侧LTR上游的一段短序列与四种不同重组禽逆转录病毒中癌基因v-src、v-myc、v-fps和v-crk的3'末端侧翼序列非常相似，而在其他研究的禽逆转录病毒基因组中不存在。因此，ART-CH是一种新的内源性鸡前病毒，可能参与重组致癌逆转录病毒的形成。
