Gershon A A, LaRussa P, Hardy I, Steinberg S, Silverstein S
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.
J Infect Dis. 1992 Aug;166 Suppl 1:S63-8. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.supplement_1.s63.
Live attenuated varicella vaccine is safe and effective in preventing chickenpox. The best immune responses occur in healthy children. Leukemic children have a 50% incidence of mild-to-moderate adverse effects but have a high degree of protection once immune reactions to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) have developed. Adult vaccinees have a lower degree of protection (70%) than children. Vaccinees who develop breakthrough varicella usually have a modified infection. Another significant advantage of vaccination is that in leukemic children it leads to a lower incidence of zoster than after natural chickenpox. It is possible to differentiate between vaccine-type and wild-type VZV using a combination of polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease digestion. A new assay for antibodies to VZV measured by latex agglutination reveals that 8-10 years after vaccination antibodies are detectable in greater than 90% of leukemic children who have not had breakthrough varicella.
减毒活水痘疫苗在预防水痘方面安全有效。最佳免疫反应发生在健康儿童身上。白血病儿童出现轻至中度不良反应的发生率为50%，但一旦对水痘-带状疱疹病毒（VZV）产生免疫反应，就具有高度的保护作用。成人接种疫苗后的保护程度（70%）低于儿童。发生突破性水痘的接种者通常有变异感染。接种疫苗的另一个显著优点是，对于白血病儿童，与自然感染水痘后相比，接种疫苗后带状疱疹的发病率更低。使用聚合酶链反应和限制性内切酶消化相结合的方法可以区分疫苗型和野生型VZV。一种通过乳胶凝集法检测VZV抗体的新检测方法显示，接种疫苗8至10年后，在90%以上未发生突破性水痘的白血病儿童中可检测到抗体。
