匙羹藤酸的分离与结构解析，匙羹藤的抗甜味成分
Isolation and structure elucidation of gymnemic acids, antisweet principles of Gymnema sylvestre.
作者信息
Liu H M, Kiuchi F, Tsuda Y
机构信息
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
出版信息
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1992 Jun;40(6):1366-75. doi: 10.1248/cpb.40.1366.
The structure of gymnemagenin (3 beta,16 beta,21 beta,22 alpha,23,28-hexahydroxy-olean-12-ene), the sapogenin of the antisweet principles of Gymnema sylvestre, was established by X-ray analysis of the 3 beta,23;21 beta,22 alpha-di-O-isopropylidene derivative. On the basis of this result, the structure of deacylgymnemic acid was elucidated as the 3-O-beta-glucuronide from the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Five antisweet principles, gymnemic acid-III, -IV, -V, -VIII, and -IX, were isolated in pure states from the hot water extract of leaves of Gymnema sylvestre. Of these, three (GA-III, -IV, and -V) were known, while two (GA-VIII and -IX) were new compounds. The structures of GA-VIII and -IX were elucidated as 3'-O-beta-D-arabino-2-hexulopyranosyl gymnemic acid-III and -IV, respectively.
匙羹藤皂苷元（3β，16β，21β，22α，23，28 - 六羟基齐墩果 - 12 - 烯）是匙羹藤抗甜味成分的皂苷元，其结构通过对3β，23；21β，22α - 二 - O - 异亚丙基衍生物进行X射线分析得以确定。基于这一结果，通过碳 - 13核磁共振光谱阐明了去酰基匙羹藤酸的结构为3 - O - β - 葡萄糖醛酸苷。从匙羹藤叶的热水提取物中分离出了5种抗甜味成分，即匙羹藤酸 - III、 - IV、 - V、 - VIII和 - IX，并获得了它们的纯品。其中，3种（GA - III、 - IV和 - V）是已知的，而另外2种（GA - VIII和 - IX）是新化合物。GA - VIII和 - IX的结构分别被阐明为3'-O - β - D - 阿拉伯糖 - 2 - 己酮糖基匙羹藤酸 - III和 - IV。
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