Bar-Eli M, Tenenbaum G, Levy-Kolker N
Ribstein Center for Research and Sport Medicine Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel.
Can J Sport Sci. 1992 Dec;17(4):288-98.
Spectator behavior in competition is analyzed in terms of spectators' response (positive or negative), or lack of response in reaction to a player's action, or which is independent of a player's action, in a home or away game. This study investigated the perceived contribution of these variables to extreme psychological arousal states (crisis, noncrisis). Forty-eight elite ball-game players responded to a questionnaire asking them to estimate the occurrence probability of the Bayesian combinations among these variables under crisis and noncrisis conditions. An RM-ANOVA procedure revealed that under the crisis condition a negative response, an unsuccessful action, and a home game were rated as more probable, whereas under the noncrisis condition the reverse would be true. The athlete's psychological state was more strongly related to spectator response than to game location or athlete's action. Results are discussed theoretically in reference to the crisis construct.
根据观众在主场或客场比赛中对球员动作的反应（积极或消极）、无反应或与球员动作无关的反应，对比赛中的观众行为进行了分析。本研究调查了这些变量对极端心理唤醒状态（危机、非危机）的感知贡献。48名精英球类运动员对一份问卷进行了回应，问卷要求他们估计这些变量在危机和非危机条件下贝叶斯组合的发生概率。重复测量方差分析程序显示，在危机条件下，消极反应、不成功的动作和主场比赛被认为更有可能发生，而在非危机条件下则相反。运动员的心理状态与观众反应的相关性比与比赛地点或运动员动作的相关性更强。参考危机结构对结果进行了理论讨论。
