Lemon S M, Jansen R W, Brown E A
Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7030.
Vaccine. 1992;10 Suppl 1:S40-4. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(92)90540-z.
Recent studies have documented a considerable degree of genetic divergence among wild-type hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains recovered from different geographical locations. Human HAV strains can be grouped into four genotypes (I, II, III and VII) and unique simian strains belong to three additional genotypes (IV, V and VI). Between each of these genotypes, the nucleotide sequence varies at 15-25% of base positions in the P1 region. Despite this, there is good evidence that most, if not all, human strains of HAV are closely related antigenically. In contrast, although simian strains recovered from Old World monkeys are cross-reactive in immunoassays employing polyclonal antibodies, these strains have significant antigenic differences from human HAV strains. Nonetheless, because biological differences in the host range of these strains apparently preclude significant human infection, this is unlikely to pose a problem in controlling HAV infections with active immunization. Inactivated and attenuated vaccines produced from genotype I human strains (HM175 or CR326) are likely to provide protection against all relevant human HAV strains.
最近的研究记录了从不同地理位置分离出的野生型甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）毒株之间存在相当程度的遗传差异。人类HAV毒株可分为四种基因型（I、II、III和VII），独特的猿猴毒株则属于另外三种基因型（IV、V和VI）。在这些基因型中的每一种之间，P1区域中15%-25%的碱基位置的核苷酸序列存在差异。尽管如此，有充分证据表明，大多数（如果不是全部的话）人类HAV毒株在抗原性上密切相关。相比之下，尽管从旧世界猴中分离出的猿猴毒株在使用多克隆抗体的免疫测定中具有交叉反应性，但这些毒株与人类HAV毒株存在显著的抗原差异。尽管如此，由于这些毒株在宿主范围上的生物学差异显然排除了显著的人类感染，因此这在通过主动免疫控制HAV感染方面不太可能构成问题。由I型人类毒株（HM175或CR326）生产的灭活疫苗和减毒疫苗可能对所有相关的人类HAV毒株提供保护。
