酵母（酿酒酵母，商品名为Yea-Sacc或Levaferm）对不同饲养方式下小反刍动物瘤胃内干物质降解率及瘤胃参数的影响。

Influence of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Yea-Sacc or Levaferm) on in Sacco dry matter degradability and ruminal parameters of variously fed small ruminants.

作者信息

Flachowsky G, Tiroke K, Matthey M

机构信息

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Tierernährung, Germany.

出版信息

Arch Tierernahr. 1992;42(2):159-69. doi: 10.1080/17450399209432986.

DOI:10.1080/17450399209432986

PMID:1338407

Abstract

Two series of experiments with rumen fistulated castrated male sheep and goats were carried out. In experiment I three sheep each consumed rations rich in concentrate (700 g concentrate, 200 g chopped wheat straw) or roughage (700 g artificially dried ryegrass, 200 g chopped wheat straw per animal per day) and supplemented with 0, 1, 2 or 4 g Yea-Sacc (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; USA) per sheep per day. In experiment II three sheep were fed with 1000 g artificially dried ryegrass and 200 g concentrate, three goats consumed 750 g ryegrass and 150 g concentrate. 0, 0.5, 1 or 2 g Levaferm (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Germany) per animal per day were added. Rations of all animals were supplemented with minerals and vitamins. After 14 days of feeding wheat straw, ammonia treated wheat straw and artificially dried grass (exp. I) or wheat straw and artificially dried grass (exp. II) were incubated in nylon bags in the rumen for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. At the end of the experiments rumen fluid was taken via cannulae and parameters of rumen fermentation were measured. Higher levels of added Yea-Sacc decreased in sacco dry matter degradability of all incubated feeds. Depression was much higher if Yea-Sacc was added to the concentrate ration (overall mean for 24, 48 and 72 h incubation time: 55.1, 47.1, 46.1 and 44.5 for 0, 1, 2 and 4 g Yea-Sacc) than to the roughage diet (58.7, 56.3, 55.0 and 54.1%). Levaferm did not significantly influence the rumen dry matter degradability of incubated feeds (overall mean for 24, 48, and 72 h incubation time: 64.0; 64.9; 64.9 and 64.2% for sheep; 63.0; 63.2; 63.2 and 61.6% for goats, if added with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 g Levaferm per animal per day). Rumen pH, concentration of volatile fatty acids and molar concentration of fatty acids in rumen fluid were not significantly influenced by added yeasts. More research seems necessary to find out the mode of action of yeast and to quantify and to reproduce the effects of added yeast.

摘要

用瘤胃瘘管切除的雄性绵羊和山羊进行了两组实验。在实验I中，三只绵羊分别采食富含精料（每只羊每天700克精料、200克切碎的小麦秸秆）或粗饲料（每只羊每天700克人工干燥黑麦草、200克切碎的小麦秸秆）的日粮，并分别补充0、1、2或4克益康素（酿酒酵母；美国）。在实验II中，三只绵羊饲喂1000克人工干燥黑麦草和200克精料，三只山羊采食750克黑麦草和150克精料。每只动物每天添加0、0.5、1或2克乐弗米（酿酒酵母；德国）。所有动物的日粮均补充矿物质和维生素。在饲喂小麦秸秆、氨化处理小麦秸秆和人工干燥牧草14天后（实验I），或饲喂小麦秸秆和人工干燥牧草后（实验II），将其置于瘤胃中的尼龙袋中培养6、12、24、48和72小时。在实验结束时，通过套管采集瘤胃液并测定瘤胃发酵参数。添加较高水平的益康素会降低所有培养饲料的瘤胃内干物质降解率。如果将益康素添加到精料日粮中，降解率的降低幅度更大（24、48和72小时培养时间的总体平均值：添加0、1、2和4克益康素时分别为55.1%、47.1%、46.1%和44.5%），而添加到粗饲料日粮中的降低幅度为（58.7%、56.3%、55.0%和54.1%）。乐弗米对培养饲料的瘤胃干物质降解率没有显著影响（24、48和72小时培养时间的总体平均值：绵羊添加0、0.5、1和2克乐弗米时分别为64.0%、64.9%、64.9%和64.2%；山羊分别为63.0%、63.2%、63.2%和61.6%）。添加酵母对瘤胃pH值、瘤胃液中挥发性脂肪酸浓度和脂肪酸摩尔浓度没有显著影响。似乎需要更多的研究来找出酵母的作用方式，并对添加酵母的效果进行量化和再现。