Statter M B
Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0245.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 1992 Aug;1(3):181-7.
Peripheral venous access is indicated for the administration of fluids, drugs, or if nutrients when other routes are unavailable. Central venous access is indicated if peripheral access is unsuccessful or if hypertonic, irritant, or vasoconstrictor solutions are used. Because of anatomical variations, different peripheral cannulation sites are more appropriate in different age groups. The preferred sites for long-term central venous access in infants and children are the external jugular, facial, internal jugular, saphenous veins at the groin, and subclavian veins. The practical aspects of peripheral and central venous access and the complications are discussed.
当无法采用其他途径时，外周静脉通路适用于输注液体、药物或营养物质。如果外周通路建立不成功，或者使用高渗、刺激性或血管收缩剂溶液，则需要建立中心静脉通路。由于解剖结构的差异，不同的外周插管部位在不同年龄组中更为适用。婴儿和儿童长期中心静脉通路的首选部位是颈外静脉、面部静脉、颈内静脉、腹股沟处的大隐静脉和锁骨下静脉。本文讨论了外周和中心静脉通路的实际操作及并发症。
