Miller D S, Kinter W B, Peakall D B, Risebrough R W
Am J Physiol. 1976 Aug;231(2):370-6. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.370.
To assess the possibility that organochlorine pesticide disruption of osmoregulation is responsible for recent large kills of young seabirds, we have studied the effects of DDE feeding (10-250 ppm) on plasma osmoregulation and nasal gland function in the following species: mallared and white Pekin ducks (both Anas platyrhynchos), black guillemot (Cepphus grylle), and common (Fratercula arctica). Other investigators have recently reported that dietary DDE (10-1,000 ppm) inhibits nasal gland secretion in freshwater-maintained mallards; our initial experiments with white Pekins showed no such inhibition during either freshwater or seawater maintainance. Moreover, DDE had minimal effects on plasma electrolyte levels and total nasal gland Na-K-ATPase activities in all species studied. Liver DDE levels in experimental ducks and guillemots were comparable to those reported for seabirds found dead after kills; levels in starved experimental puffins were much higher. Thus DDE at environmental levels does not affect osmoregulation or nasal gland Na-K-ATPase either in ducks or in two species of oceanic birds.
为了评估有机氯农药对渗透压调节的破坏是否是近期幼龄海鸟大量死亡的原因，我们研究了以下物种摄入滴滴涕（10 - 250 ppm）对血浆渗透压调节和鼻腺功能的影响：绿头鸭和北京白鸭（均为绿头鸭）、黑海鸠、角嘴海雀。其他研究人员最近报告称，摄入滴滴涕（10 - 1000 ppm）会抑制淡水饲养的绿头鸭的鼻腺分泌；我们对白鸭的初步实验表明，在淡水或海水饲养期间均未出现这种抑制现象。此外，滴滴涕对所有研究物种的血浆电解质水平和鼻腺钠钾ATP酶活性影响极小。实验鸭和海鸠肝脏中的滴滴涕水平与在死亡后发现的海鸟报告水平相当；饥饿的实验角嘴海雀体内的滴滴涕水平要高得多。因此，环境水平的滴滴涕对鸭类和两种海洋鸟类的渗透压调节或鼻腺钠钾ATP酶均无影响。
