Kooij A, Schijns M, Frederiks W M, Van Noorden C J, James J
Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol. 1992;63(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/BF02899240.
Localization of the activity of both the dehydrogenase and oxidase forms of xanthine oxidoreductase were studied in biopsy and postmortem specimens of various human tissues with a recently developed histochemical method using unfixed cryostat sections, poly-(vinyl alcohol) as tissue stabilizator, 1-methoxyphenazine methosulphate as intermediate electron acceptor and Tetranitro BT as final electron acceptor. High enzyme activity was found only in the liver and jejunum, whereas all the other organs studied showed no activity. In the liver, enzyme activity was found in sinusoidal cells and both in periportal and pericentral hepatocytes. In the jejunum, enterocytes and goblet cells, as well as the lamina propria beneath the basement membrane showed activity. The oxidase activity and total dehydrogenase and oxidase activity of xanthine oxidoreductase, as determined biochemically, were found in the liver and jejunum, but not in the kidney and spleen. This confirmed the histochemical results for these organs. Autolytic rat livers several hours after death were studied to exclude artefacts due to postmortem changes in the human material. These showed loss of activity both histochemically and biochemically. However, the percentage activity of xanthine oxidase did not change significantly in these livers compared with controls. The findings are discussed with respect to the possible function of the enzyme. Furthermore, the low conversion rate of xanthine dehydrogenase into xanthine oxidase during autolysis is discussed in relation to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
采用一种最新研发的组织化学方法，以未固定的低温恒温切片、聚（乙烯醇）作为组织稳定剂、1-甲氧基吩嗪硫酸甲酯作为中间电子受体以及四硝基蓝四唑作为最终电子受体，对各种人体组织的活检和尸检标本中黄嘌呤氧化还原酶的脱氢酶和氧化酶形式的活性定位进行了研究。仅在肝脏和空肠中发现了高酶活性，而所研究的所有其他器官均未显示活性。在肝脏中，酶活性存在于窦状细胞以及门周和中央周围的肝细胞中。在空肠中，肠上皮细胞、杯状细胞以及基底膜下方的固有层显示出活性。通过生化方法测定，黄嘌呤氧化还原酶的氧化酶活性以及总脱氢酶和氧化酶活性在肝脏和空肠中存在，但在肾脏和脾脏中不存在。这证实了这些器官的组织化学结果。对死后数小时的自溶大鼠肝脏进行了研究，以排除人体材料中死后变化导致的假象。这些肝脏在组织化学和生化方面均显示出活性丧失。然而，与对照相比，这些肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性百分比没有显著变化。针对该酶的可能功能对研究结果进行了讨论。此外，还讨论了自溶过程中黄嘌呤脱氢酶向黄嘌呤氧化酶的低转化率与缺血再灌注损伤的关系。
