Rowley S D
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.
J Hematother. 1992 Fall;1(3):233-50. doi: 10.1089/scd.1.1992.1.233.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be stored for prolonged periods at cryogenic temperatures. The techniques currently used were derived from the initial report in 1949 of cryopreservation of bovine sperm in glycerol. The addition of this penetrating cryoprotectant protected the cells from the injury associated with ice formation. Current cryopreservation techniques (with minor variations) suspend cells in an aqueous solution of salts, protein, and one or more cryoprotectants. Cells are frozen at slow rates and stored generally below -120 degrees C in mechanical freezers or nitrogen refrigerators. That these techniques are successful in maintaining HSC viability is evident from the engraftment of these cells in patients treated with marrow-lethal conditioning regimens. However, issues such as the composition of the cryoprotectant solution, cell concentration during freezing, cryoprotectant toxicity, and storage temperatures have not been adequately studied, primarily because of a lack of appropriate assays for HSC cryosurvival. HSC cryobiology will become an increasingly important subject as new HSC collection and processing techniques are developed. Improved cryosurvival of HSC using modified cryoprotectant solutions may improve engraftment kinetics and decrease the cost and morbidity of autologous transplantation.
造血干细胞（HSC）可在低温下长期保存。目前使用的技术源自1949年关于甘油冷冻保存牛精子的初始报告。添加这种渗透性冷冻保护剂可保护细胞免受与冰形成相关的损伤。当前的冷冻保存技术（有微小差异）将细胞悬浮在盐、蛋白质和一种或多种冷冻保护剂的水溶液中。细胞以缓慢速率冷冻，通常在机械冷冻机或液氮冰箱中储存于-120摄氏度以下。从这些细胞在接受骨髓致死性预处理方案治疗的患者中的植入情况可以明显看出，这些技术在维持造血干细胞活力方面是成功的。然而，诸如冷冻保护剂溶液的组成、冷冻期间的细胞浓度、冷冻保护剂毒性和储存温度等问题尚未得到充分研究，主要是因为缺乏用于评估造血干细胞冷冻存活率的合适检测方法。随着新的造血干细胞采集和处理技术的发展，造血干细胞低温生物学将成为一个越来越重要的课题。使用改良的冷冻保护剂溶液提高造血干细胞的冷冻存活率可能会改善植入动力学，并降低自体移植的成本和发病率。
