OPIE E L
J Exp Med. 1959 Jul 1;110(1):103-11. doi: 10.1084/jem.110.1.103.
Solutions of a wide variety of electrolytes, isotonic with liver or with kidney tissue, have approximately the same osmotic pressure as solutions of sodium chloride isotonic with tissues of the two organs respectively; that is, with solutions approximately twice as concentrated as the sodium chloride of mammalian blood plasma. The molar concentration of various electrolytes isotonic with liver or with kidney tissue immediately after its removal from the body is determined by the molecular weight, valency, and ion-dissociation of these electrolytes in accordance with the well known conditions of osmosis. The plasma membranes of liver and of kidney cells are imperfectly semipermeable to electrolytes, and those that enter the cell, though retarded in so doing, bring about injury which increases permeability to water. The osmotic activity of cells of mammalian liver and kidney immediately after their removal from the body resembles that of plant cells, egg cells of marine invertebrates, and mammalian red blood corpuscles and presumably represents a basic property of living cells by which osmotic pressure may be adjusted to functional need.
与肝脏或肾脏组织等渗的各种电解质溶液，其渗透压与分别与这两个器官组织等渗的氯化钠溶液大致相同；也就是说，与浓度约为哺乳动物血浆氯化钠两倍的溶液等渗。从体内取出后立即与肝脏或肾脏组织等渗的各种电解质的摩尔浓度，是根据这些电解质的分子量、化合价和离子解离以及众所周知的渗透条件来确定的。肝脏和肾脏细胞的质膜对电解质的半透性并不完美，进入细胞的电解质虽然会受到阻碍，但会造成损伤，从而增加对水的通透性。哺乳动物肝脏和肾脏细胞从体内取出后立即的渗透活性类似于植物细胞、海洋无脊椎动物的卵细胞和哺乳动物红细胞的渗透活性，大概代表了活细胞的一种基本特性，通过这种特性可以根据功能需要调节渗透压。
