DURBIN R P
J Gen Physiol. 1960 Nov;44(2):315-26. doi: 10.1085/jgp.44.2.315.
Direct measurements have been made of the net volume flow through cellulose membranes, due to a difference in concentration of solute across the membrane. The aqueous solutions used included solutes ranging in size from deuterated water to bovine serum albumin. For the semipermeable membrane (impermeable to the solute) the volume flow produced by the osmotic gradient is equal to the flow produced by the hydrostatic pressure RT DeltaC, as given by the van't Hoff relationship. In the case in which the membrane is permeable to the solute, the net volume flow is reduced, as predicted by the theory of Staverman, based on the thermodynamics of the steady state. A means of establishing the amount of this reduction is given, depending on the size of the solute molecule and the effective pore radius of the membrane. With the help of these results, a hypothetical biological membrane moving water by osmotic and hydrostatic pressure gradients is discussed.
由于膜两侧溶质浓度的差异，已对通过纤维素膜的净体积流量进行了直接测量。所使用的水溶液包括大小从重水到牛血清白蛋白不等的溶质。对于半透膜（对溶质不可渗透），由渗透梯度产生的体积流量等于由静水压RTΔC产生的流量，如范特霍夫关系所给出的那样。在膜对溶质可渗透的情况下，净体积流量会降低，正如斯塔弗曼基于稳态热力学理论所预测的那样。给出了一种确定这种降低量的方法，该方法取决于溶质分子的大小和膜的有效孔径。借助这些结果，讨论了一种通过渗透和静水压梯度移动水的假设生物膜。
