KEDEM O, KATCHALSKY A
J Gen Physiol. 1961 Sep;45(1):143-79. doi: 10.1085/jgp.45.1.143.
A "translation" of the phenomenological permeability coefficients into friction and distribution coefficients amenable to physical interpretation is presented. Expressions are obtained for the solute permeability coefficient omega and the reflection coefficient sigma for both non-electrolytic and electrolytic permeants. An analysis of the coefficients is given for loose membranes as well as for dense natural membranes where transport may go through capillaries or by solution in the lipoid parts of the membrane. Water diffusion and filtration and the relation between these and capillary pore radius of the membrane are discussed. For the permeation of ions through the charged membranes equations are developed for the case of zero electrical current in the membrane. The correlation of sigma with omega and L(p) for electrolytes resembles that for non-electrolytes. In this case omega and sigma depend markedly on ion concentration and on the charge density of the membrane. The reflection coefficient may assume negative values indicating anomalous osmosis. An analysis of the phenomena of anomalous osmosis was carried out for the model of Teorell and Meyer and Sievers and the results agree with the experimental data of Loeb and of Grim and Sollner. A set of equations and reference curves are presented for the evaluation of omega and sigma in the transport of polyvalent ions through charged membranes.
本文提出了一种将现象学渗透系数转化为便于物理解释的摩擦系数和分配系数的“转换方法”。得到了非电解质和电解质渗透物的溶质渗透系数ω和反射系数σ的表达式。对疏松膜以及致密天然膜（其中传输可能通过毛细血管或通过溶解在膜的类脂部分）的系数进行了分析。讨论了水的扩散和过滤以及它们与膜的毛细血管孔径之间的关系。对于离子通过带电膜的渗透，推导了膜中电流为零时的情况的方程。电解质的σ与ω和L(p)的相关性类似于非电解质的情况。在这种情况下，ω和σ明显取决于离子浓度和膜的电荷密度。反射系数可能取负值，表明存在反常渗透。对Teorell、Meyer和Sievers模型的反常渗透现象进行了分析，结果与Loeb以及Grim和Sollner的实验数据一致。给出了一组方程和参考曲线，用于评估多价离子通过带电膜传输时的ω和σ。
