Kelloff G J, Boone C W, Malone W F, Steele V E
Chemoprevention Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Mutat Res. 1992 Jun;267(2):291-5. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(92)90073-b.
As part of a program to develop drugs which will delay or prevent cancer in humans, the Chemoprevention Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, is sponsoring 12 Phase I and 22 Phase II and III clinical trials. Three agent classes are significantly advanced in the trials. These are the retinoids, including 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinol, and 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide (nine studies), beta-carotene (seven studies), and calcium compounds (three studies). In addition, six promising new compounds are in Phase I or Phase II trials. These are: piroxicam, ibuprofen, oltipraz (a dithiolthione), difluoromethylornithine, glycyrrhetinic acid, and N-acetylcysteine. Key concepts related to the development of cancer chemopreventive agents are (1) the need for long-term administration, (2) the need for oral route of administration, (3) the matching of toxic side effects to degree of cancer risk.
作为开发能够延缓或预防人类癌症药物计划的一部分，美国国立卫生研究院国立癌症研究所化学预防分部正在资助12项I期临床试验以及22项II期和III期临床试验。有三类药物在试验中取得了显著进展。它们是维甲酸类，包括13 - 顺式维甲酸、视黄醇和4 - 羟基苯基维甲酰胺（9项研究）、β - 胡萝卜素（7项研究）以及钙化合物（3项研究）。此外，有6种有前景的新化合物正处于I期或II期试验中。它们是：吡罗昔康、布洛芬、奥替普拉（一种二硫代硫酮）、二氟甲基鸟氨酸、甘草次酸和N - 乙酰半胱氨酸。与癌症化学预防剂开发相关的关键概念包括：（1）需要长期给药；（2）需要口服给药途径；（3）使毒副作用与癌症风险程度相匹配。
