Regulation of human basophil activation. III. Impairment of the inhibitory effect of Na+ on IgE-mediated histamine release in patients with allergic rhinitis.

We recently observed that external Na+ inhibited the IgE-dependent human basophil histamine release (HR) in normal subjects. In this article we report differences in the Na+ effect on basophil HR between normal subjects (n = 16) and age matched patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) (n = 18). As expected, in vitro anti-IgE-stimulated basophils from the group with AR released greater amounts of histamine than basophils from the normal group. However, removal of external Na+ (and replacement by N-methyl-D-glucamine) abolished this difference between the two groups. HR in the normal group increased to the same high level as that of the group with AR. By contrast, the release of histamine in the group with AR was not further increased by Na+ removal. Although high releasers were more frequent in the group with AR, the absence of effect after Na+ removal was not due to the high basal release level (in the presence of Na+) because no effect after Na+ removal was also observed with medium releasers. These results strongly suggest that increased basophil HR in populations with AR, and possibly in other allergic populations, is linked to a defect in the inhibitory effect of Na+.