Mensink R P, Katan M B
Department of Human Biology, Limburg University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Aug;12(8):911-9. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.12.8.911.
To calculate the effect of changes in carbohydrate and fatty acid intake on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, we reviewed 27 controlled trials published between 1970 and 1991 that met specific inclusion criteria. These studies yielded 65 data points, which were analyzed by multiple regression analysis using isocaloric exchanges of saturated (sat), monounsaturated (mono), and polyunsaturated (poly) fatty acids versus carbohydrates (carb) as the independent variables. For high density lipoprotein (HDL) we found the following equation: delta HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) = 0.012 x (carb----sat) + 0.009 x (carb----mono) + 0.007 x (carb---- poly) or, in milligrams per deciliter, 0.47 x (carb----sat) + 0.34 x (carb----mono) + 0.28 x (carb----poly). Expressions in parentheses denote the percentage of daily energy intake from carbohydrates that is replaced by saturated, cis-monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. All fatty acids elevated HDL cholesterol when substituted for carbohydrates, but the effect diminished with increasing unsaturation of the fatty acids. For low density lipoprotein (LDL) the equation was delta LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) = 0.033 x (carb----sat) - 0.006 x (carb----mono) - 0.014 x (carb----poly) or, in milligrams per deciliter, 1.28 x (carb----sat) - 0.24 x (carb----mono) - 0.55 x (carb---- poly). The coefficient for polyunsaturates was significantly different from zero, but that for monounsaturates was not. For triglycerides the equation was delta triglycerides (mmol/l) = -0.025 x (carb----sat) - 0.022 x (carb----mono) - 0.028 x (carb---- poly) or, in milligrams per deciliter, -2.22 x (carb----sat) - 1.99 x (carb----mono) - 2.47 x (carb----poly).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
为了计算碳水化合物和脂肪酸摄入量的变化对血清脂质和脂蛋白水平的影响,我们回顾了1970年至1991年间发表的27项符合特定纳入标准的对照试验。这些研究产生了65个数据点,以饱和(sat)、单不饱和(mono)和多不饱和(poly)脂肪酸与碳水化合物(carb)的等热量交换作为自变量,通过多元回归分析进行分析。对于高密度脂蛋白(HDL),我们发现以下等式:ΔHDL胆固醇(mmol/l)=0.012×(碳水化合物-饱和脂肪酸)+0.009×(碳水化合物-单不饱和脂肪酸)+0.007×(碳水化合物-多不饱和脂肪酸),或以毫克每分升表示为0.47×(碳水化合物-饱和脂肪酸)+0.34×(碳水化合物-单不饱和脂肪酸)+0.28×(碳水化合物-多不饱和脂肪酸)。括号中的表达式表示碳水化合物每日能量摄入量中被饱和、顺式单不饱和或多不饱和脂肪酸替代的百分比。当用脂肪酸替代碳水化合物时,所有脂肪酸均会升高HDL胆固醇,但随着脂肪酸不饱和度的增加,这种作用会减弱。对于低密度脂蛋白(LDL),等式为ΔLDL胆固醇(mmol/l)=0.033×(碳水化合物-饱和脂肪酸)-0.006×(碳水化合物-单不饱和脂肪酸)-0.014×(碳水化合物-多不饱和脂肪酸),或以毫克每分升表示为1.28×(碳水化合物-饱和脂肪酸)-0.24×(碳水化合物-单不饱和脂肪酸)-0.55×(碳水化合物-多不饱和脂肪酸)。多不饱和脂肪酸的系数显著异于零,但单不饱和脂肪酸的系数并非如此。对于甘油三酯,等式为Δ甘油三酯(mmol/l)=-0.025×(碳水化合物-饱和脂肪酸)-0.022×(碳水化合物-单不饱和脂肪酸)-0.028×(碳水化合物-多不饱和脂肪酸),或以毫克每分升表示为-2.22×(碳水化合物-饱和脂肪酸)-1.99×(碳水化合物-单不饱和脂肪酸)-2.47×(碳水化合物-多不饱和脂肪酸)。(摘要截短于250字)