Denke Margo A
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2006 Nov;8(6):466-71. doi: 10.1007/s11883-006-0021-0.
All saturated fatty acids, with the notable exception of stearic acid (C18:0), raise low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. A few less ubiquitous fatty acids also have LDL cholesterol effects. Trans-monounsaturated fatty acids, at equivalent doses of saturated fatty acids, raise LDL cholesterol. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, at three times the dose of saturated fatty acids, lower LDL cholesterol. Higher intakes of most fatty acids raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, with the notable exception of trans-monounsaturated fatty acids, which lower HDL cholesterol to the same extent as carbohydrate when either is substituted for other dietary fatty acids. Conjugated linoleic acids containing both cis and trans bonds and cis-monounsaturated fatty acids neither raise nor lower cholesterol concentrations of lipoproteins. The omega-3 fatty acids from fish lower triglyceride levels. Although dietary composition remains an important, modifiable predictor of dyslipidemia, overconsumption of any form of dietary energy may replace overconsumption of saturated fat as the primary factor that increases lipid and lipoprotein levels.
除硬脂酸（C18:0）外，所有饱和脂肪酸都会升高低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇水平。一些不太常见的脂肪酸也会对LDL胆固醇产生影响。在饱和脂肪酸剂量相等的情况下，反式单不饱和脂肪酸会升高LDL胆固醇。多不饱和脂肪酸的剂量为饱和脂肪酸的三倍时，会降低LDL胆固醇。大多数脂肪酸摄入量增加会升高高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇，但反式单不饱和脂肪酸是个明显例外，当用其替代其他膳食脂肪酸时，它会降低HDL胆固醇，降低程度与碳水化合物相同。含有顺式和反式键的共轭亚油酸和顺式单不饱和脂肪酸既不会升高也不会降低脂蛋白的胆固醇浓度。鱼类中的ω-3脂肪酸可降低甘油三酯水平。尽管饮食组成仍然是血脂异常的一个重要且可改变的预测因素，但任何形式的膳食能量摄入过多都可能取代饱和脂肪摄入过多，成为增加血脂和脂蛋白水平的主要因素。
