Dindia K, Allen M
Department of Communication, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53201.
Psychol Bull. 1992 Jul;112(1):106-24. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.106.
A meta-analysis of 205 studies involving 23,702 Ss was conducted to determine whether there are sex differences in self-disclosure. Across these studies, women disclosed slightly more than men (d = .18). This effect size was not homogeneous across studies. Several moderator variables were found. Sex of target and the interaction effect of relationship to target and measure of self-disclosure moderated the effect of sex on self-disclosure. Sex differences in self-disclosure were significantly greater to female and same-sex partners than to opposite-sex or male partners. When the target had a relationship with the discloser (i.e., friend, parent, or spouse), women disclosed more than men regardless of whether self-disclosure was measured by self-report or observation. When the target was a stranger, men reported that they disclosed similarly to women; however, studies using observational measures of self-disclosure found that women disclosed more than men.
对涉及23702名受试者的205项研究进行了荟萃分析，以确定自我表露中是否存在性别差异。在这些研究中，女性的自我表露略多于男性（d = 0.18）。这种效应量在各项研究中并不一致。发现了几个调节变量。目标对象的性别以及与目标对象的关系和自我表露测量方法的交互作用调节了性别对自我表露的影响。与女性和同性伴侣相比，向异性或男性伴侣进行自我表露时，性别差异显著更大。当目标对象与表露者有关系（即朋友、父母或配偶）时，无论自我表露是通过自我报告还是观察来衡量，女性的自我表露都多于男性。当目标对象是陌生人时，男性报告他们的自我表露与女性相似；然而，使用自我表露观察测量方法的研究发现，女性的自我表露多于男性。
