Shaffer D R, Pegalis L J, Cornell D P
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia.
J Soc Psychol. 1992 Jun;132(3):307-15. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1992.9924705.
Male and female American students who differed in masculinity and in femininity self-disclosed to a same-sex stranger in contexts that made either social/expressive motives or instrumental motives salient. The results were consistent with the primary assertion that measures of sex role identity are better predictors of contextual variations in self-disclosure than is sex per se. Sex consistently failed to predict subjects' willingness to self-disclose, both within and across contexts, whereas femininity promoted self-disclosure in the context that was clearly social and expressive in character. Although masculinity failed to exert the expected facilitative impact on self-disclosure within the instrumental context, it nonetheless influenced the results; androgynous subjects, who scored high in both masculinity and femininity, were more self-revealing across contexts than was any other group.
男性气质和女性气质不同的美国男女学生，在使社交/表达动机或工具性动机变得显著的情境中，向同性陌生人进行了自我表露。结果与主要论断一致，即性别角色认同的测量指标比性别本身更能预测自我表露的情境差异。在各种情境中，性别始终无法预测受试者自我表露的意愿，而女性气质在明显具有社交和表达性质的情境中促进了自我表露。尽管男性气质在工具性情境中未能对自我表露产生预期的促进作用，但它仍然影响了结果；在男性气质和女性气质方面得分都很高的双性化受试者，在各种情境中比其他任何组都更愿意自我表露。
