WALLER M B, WALLER P F
J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Jan;6(1):29-37. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-29.
Two dogs were maintained on a multiple schedule having both a food reinforced and an avoidance component (Mult VI 1' S(Delta) Avoid(SS20 RS20) S(Delta)). The effects of superimposing an Estes-Skinner procedure for delivering unavoidable shocks on all components of the multiple schedule were observed. The buzzer-shock pairing of the Estes-Skinner procedure produced an increased rate of responding on the avoidance component of the schedule and also on the S(Delta) components. No persistent change in rate was observed on the food component during the pre-shock stimulus. Control performances on all components could be regained by either extinguishing or eliminating the buzzer-shock pairing. Extinction of the avoidance responding had little effect on the increased rates of responding produced by the Estes-Skinner procedure on the S(Delta) and avoidance extinction components and did not lead to a conditioned suppression of the food reinforced responding. Rate of responding during the pre-shock stimulus was observed to be relatively independent of changes in the maintaining schedules. Responding during the pre-shock stimulus could be conditioned and maintained after an extensive history of avoidance extinction.
两只狗被置于一个具有食物强化和回避成分的多重程序中（多重可变间隔1分钟，辨别刺激回避（每次回避反应间隔20秒，每次反应间隔20秒），辨别刺激）。观察了在多重程序的所有成分上叠加埃斯蒂斯-斯金纳程序以施加不可避免电击的效果。埃斯蒂斯-斯金纳程序中的蜂鸣器-电击配对在程序的回避成分以及辨别刺激成分上产生了反应率的增加。在电击前刺激期间，食物成分上未观察到反应率的持续变化。通过消除或去除蜂鸣器-电击配对，可以恢复所有成分的对照表现。回避反应的消退对埃斯蒂斯-斯金纳程序在辨别刺激和回避消退成分上产生的反应率增加几乎没有影响，并且没有导致对食物强化反应的条件性抑制。观察到电击前刺激期间的反应率相对独立于维持程序的变化。在经过广泛的回避消退历史后，电击前刺激期间的反应可以被条件化并维持。
