Naclerio R M
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1992 Oct;90(4 Pt 2):715-9. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(92)90157-w.
A nasal lavage model and a new filter paper disk model have been used to measure biologic and physiologic responses to antigen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis. Pretreatment of subjects with cetirizine reduced the number of sneezes induced by antigen challenge but did not significantly reduce levels of histamine or prostaglandin D2 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the lavage model. Pretreatment with 60 or 300 mg of terfenadine did significantly reduce levels of histamine, kinin, albumin, and TAME-esterase activity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with this model. Again with the nasal lavage model, a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of pretreatment with 60 mg of terfenadine or 10 mg of loratadine showed that both agents significantly reduced sneezing. Both drugs also lowered levels of antigen-induced histamine and TAME-esterase, but only terfenadine did so significantly. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the new disk method showed that terfenadine reduced sneezing but not nasal congestion in eight patients with allergic rhinitis. Terfenadine significantly reduced the weight of nasal secretions on both sides of the nose and significantly reduced histamine on the ipsilateral side.
一种鼻腔灌洗模型和一种新的滤纸盘模型已被用于测量变应性鼻炎患者对抗原激发的生物学和生理学反应。在一项使用灌洗模型的双盲、安慰剂对照试验中，用西替利嗪对受试者进行预处理可减少抗原激发诱导的喷嚏次数，但并未显著降低组胺或前列腺素D2的水平。在一项使用该模型的双盲、安慰剂对照研究中，用60或300毫克特非那定进行预处理确实显著降低了组胺、激肽、白蛋白和TAME酯酶活性的水平。同样使用鼻腔灌洗模型，对60毫克特非那定或10毫克氯雷他定预处理进行的双盲、安慰剂对照比较表明，两种药物均显著减少了喷嚏次数。两种药物还降低了抗原诱导的组胺和TAME酯酶水平，但只有特非那定的降低具有显著性。在一项双盲、安慰剂对照研究中，新的圆盘法表明，特非那定可减少8例变应性鼻炎患者的喷嚏次数，但对鼻充血无效。特非那定显著减轻了双侧鼻腔分泌物的重量，并显著降低了同侧的组胺水平。
