Naclerio R M
Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Ann Allergy. 1993 Sep;71(3):292-5.
The nasal antigen challenge model has proved useful in assessing the roles of inflammatory mediators in the clinical allergic response. Studies using this model have revealed that the acute allergic response is associated with increased concentrations of histamine, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), leukotrienes, tryptase, and kinins, and with increased TAME-esterase activity. The effects of antihistamines on the clinical response and inhibition of mediator release have also been examined with this model. Premedication with terfenadine caused a marked reduction in sneezing as well as decreased histamine release, kinin levels, and TAME-esterase activity. Levels of PGD2 also decreased, although not significantly. Release of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) was not affected by this agent. Terfenadine also reduced vascular permeability as reflected in decreased albumin levels. In this model, cetirizine reduced sneezing, TAME-esterase activity, and albumin levels, whereas histamine release and PGD2 levels remained unaffected. Pretreatment with cetirizine resulted in significantly reduced levels of LTC4. Loratadine markedly, but not significantly, inhibited the sneezing response and reduced release of histamine, PGD2, and LTC4. Albumin and kinin levels were significantly diminished. The clinical significance of the inhibitory effects of antihistamines on mediator release has yet to be determined.
鼻腔抗原激发模型已被证明在评估炎症介质在临床过敏反应中的作用方面很有用。使用该模型的研究表明，急性过敏反应与组胺、前列腺素D2（PGD2）、白三烯、类胰蛋白酶和激肽浓度升高以及TAME酯酶活性增加有关。抗组胺药对临床反应和介质释放抑制作用也已用该模型进行了研究。特非那定预处理可显著减少打喷嚏，并降低组胺释放、激肽水平和TAME酯酶活性。PGD2水平也有所下降，尽管不显著。白三烯C4（LTC4）的释放不受该药物影响。特非那定还降低了血管通透性，这在白蛋白水平降低中得到反映。在该模型中，西替利嗪减少了打喷嚏、TAME酯酶活性和白蛋白水平，而组胺释放和PGD2水平未受影响。西替利嗪预处理导致LTC4水平显著降低。氯雷他定显著但不明显地抑制了打喷嚏反应，并减少了组胺、PGD2和LTC4的释放。白蛋白和激肽水平显著降低。抗组胺药对介质释放的抑制作用的临床意义尚未确定。
