Ford T E, Stangor C
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Sep;63(3):356-67. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.63.3.356.
Three experiments tested the hypotheses that while forming stereotypes of social groups, people abstract the central tendency and variability of different attribute dimensions to determine which ones best differentiate the groups and that more differentiating dimensions are more likely to become stereotypical in the sense of becoming strongly associated with the groups in memory. Supporting these hypotheses. Experiment 1 found that, after viewing behaviors performed by members of 2 groups, Ss characterized the groups more in terms of attribute dimensions indicating larger differences between the central tendencies of the groups, and Experiment 2 showed that this effect did not occur when Ss formed impressions of only 1 group. Experiment 3 found that Ss also characterized groups more in terms of attribute dimensions indicating lower within-group variability.
在形成社会群体的刻板印象时，人们会提取不同属性维度的集中趋势和变异性，以确定哪些维度最能区分不同群体，并且在记忆中与群体紧密关联的意义上，更多具有区分性的维度更有可能变成刻板印象。为支持这些假设，实验1发现，在观察了两个群体成员的行为后，被试更多地依据那些表明群体集中趋势存在较大差异的属性维度来描述这些群体，并且实验2表明，当被试仅对一个群体形成印象时，这种效应并未出现。实验3发现，被试也更多地依据那些表明群体内部变异性较低的属性维度来描述群体。
