Goodman Ruth L, Webb Thomas L, Stewart Andrew J
University of Manchester.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 Jul;35(7):836-52. doi: 10.1177/0146167209334780. Epub 2009 Apr 30.
Factual information is more frequently read and discussed than fictional information. However, research on the role of communication in shaping stereotypes has focused almost exclusively on fictional narratives. In Experiments 1 and 2 a newspaper article containing information about heroin users was communicated along chains of 4 people. No stereotype-consistency bias was observed. Instead, a greater proportion of stereotype-inconsistent information was communicated than was stereotype-consistent or -neutral information. Three further experiments investigated explanations for the difference between the communication of fictional and factual information. Experiment 3 ruled out the possibility that participants' beliefs about the validity of the information could influence the way that it is communicated. Experiments 4 and 5 divided information into concrete (a specific event or fact) or abstract (opinion). A stereotype-consistency bias emerged only for abstract information. In summary, linguistic abstraction moderates whether stereotype-consistency biases emerge in the communication of stereotype-relevant factual information.
事实性信息比虚构性信息更常被阅读和讨论。然而，关于沟通在塑造刻板印象中的作用的研究几乎完全集中在虚构叙事上。在实验1和实验2中，一篇包含有关海洛因使用者信息的报纸文章通过4人链条进行传播。未观察到刻板印象一致性偏差。相反，与刻板印象一致或中立的信息相比，传播的刻板印象不一致信息的比例更高。另外三个实验研究了虚构信息和事实性信息传播差异的原因。实验3排除了参与者对信息有效性的信念会影响信息传播方式的可能性。实验4和实验5将信息分为具体（特定事件或事实）或抽象（观点）两类。仅抽象信息出现了刻板印象一致性偏差。总之，语言抽象性调节了与刻板印象相关的事实性信息传播中刻板印象一致性偏差是否出现。
